Recent Advances in Electrochemical Enzyme-Based Biosensors for Food and Beverage Analysis

Abstract

Food analysis and control are crucial aspects in food research and production in order to ensure quality and safety of food products. Electrochemical biosensors based on enzymes as the bioreceptors are emerging as promising tools for food analysis because of their high selectivity and sensitivity, short analysis time, and high-cost effectiveness in comparison to conventional methods. This review provides the readers with an overview of various electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors in food analysis, focusing on enzymes used for different applications in the analysis of sugars, alcohols, amino acids and amines, and organic acids, as well as mycotoxins and chemical contaminants. In addition, strategies to improve the performance of enzyme-based biosensors that have been reported over the last five years will be discussed. The challenges and future outlooks for the food sector are also presented.

Colorimetric Glucose Biosensor Based on Chitosan Films and Its Application for Glucose Detection in Beverages Using a Smartphone Application

“…Lately, enzymatic biosensors have emerged as efficient analytical tools to assess food quality [ 10 ]. In fact, the analyses are conducted by non-specialized personnel through portable devices rapidly and cost-effectively, as well as sensitively and selectively, thanks to the enzymatic recognition process [ 9 ].…”

More Than One Enzyme: Exploring Alternative FMN-Dependent L-Lactate Oxidases for Biosensor Development

“…Furthermore, LOx shows good compatibility with various immobilization methods and sensor designs that were developed to enhance the sensitivity and operational stability of the biosensor. LOx has been widely used in various designs of lactate-specific biosensors, aiming at applications in medicine, − personal and health care monitoring or food analysis . LOx belongs to the family of FMN-dependent α-hydroxy acid oxidoreductases (HAOx; (S)-2-hydroxy-acid: oxygen 2-oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.3.15), which catalyzes the oxidation of α-hydroxy acids to the corresponding α-keto acids via a ping-pong reaction mechanism , as depicted in Figure .…”

“…LOx has been widely used in various designs of lactate-specific biosensors, aiming at applications in medicine, 16 − 18 personal and health care monitoring 19 or food analysis. 20 LOx belongs to the family of FMN-dependent α-hydroxy acid oxidoreductases (HAOx; (S)-2-hydroxy-acid: oxygen 2-oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.3.15), which catalyzes the oxidation of α-hydroxy acids to the corresponding α-keto acids via a ping-pong reaction mechanism 21 , 22 as depicted in Figure 1 . Typically, LOx is a homotetramer with the mass of its monomers ranging from 39 to 44 kDa and each containing a noncovalently but tightly bound FMN prosthetic group.…”