Recent advances in efficient emissive materials-based OLED applications: a review

Abstract

In the present time, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a very promising participant over light-emitting diodes (LEDs), liquid crystal display (LCD), and also another solid-state lighting device due to its low cost, ease of fabrication, brightness, speed, wide viewing angle, low power consumption, and high contrast ratio. The most prominent layer of OLED is the emissive layer because the device emission color, contrast ratio, and external efficiency depend of this layer's materials. This review ruminates on the basics of OLEDs, different light emission mechanisms, OLEDs achievements, and different types of challenges revealed in the field of OLEDs. This review's primary intention is to broadly discuss the synthesizing methods, physicochemical properties of conducting polymer polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and its polymeric nanocompositebased emissive layer materials for OLEDs application. It also discusses the most extensively used OLED fabrication techniques. PMMA-based polymeric nanocomposites revealed good transparency properties, good thermal stability, and high electrical conductivity, making suitable materials as an emissive layer for OLED applications.

Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications

“…Interest in conjugated organic materials, specifically for OLEDs, 313 has spurred the investigation of pigment molecules with high photoluminescent efficiency in dilute solution and electrochemically stable in the solid state. One such class of molecules is quinacridone (QA) and its derivatives.…”

Thermal states of exfoliated gC3N4 embedded coral-shaped ZrO2 nanoparticles as a robust emissive layer for OLED application

“…After a certain lifetime, the exciton pair deexcites by giving photons as light [4]. OLED is a complex device compared to the LED, which is composed of seven active layers (like two charge injection layers, two transport layers, two blocking layers, and one emissive layer) between two electrodes [5][6][7]. The external quantum efficiency of OLED devices depends on the device architecture, outcoupling phenomenon, and the active layer materials [8].…”

A bipolar host material for the construction of triplet-energy level for white phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes

“…[2][3][4][5][6] Although OLEDs for lighting applications can be fabricated with low consumption of electrical energy and economical processing, device efficiency and lifetime still remain among the challenges. [7][8][9] Efficient white lighting sources based on phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) have been predicted as the next generation of highly efficient general illumination systems. The light emission through radiative relaxation from the spin-statistics can be either a singlet or triplet emitter associated with excitons into the light emitting layer to generate 25% of the singlet and 75% of the triplet with electroluminescent materials for OLEDs.…”

“…The light emission through radiative relaxation from the spin-statistics can be either a singlet or triplet emitter associated with excitons into the light emitting layer to generate 25% of the singlet and 75% of the triplet with electroluminescent materials for OLEDs. 7,[10][11][12] The PhOLEDs have the advantage that both singlet and triplet states provide 25 and 75% of the excitons, respectively, that radiate in phosphorescent materials to generate highly efficient internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) of up to 100%; in contrast, with uorescent materials, only the singlet excitons can decay radiatively, considerably limiting the maximum IQE to just 25%. A higher energy photon caused by the intersystem crossing (ISC) happens when two triplets annihilate to leave the emitter in its higher energy singlet state.…”

“…2–6 Although OLEDs for lighting applications can be fabricated with low consumption of electrical energy and economical processing, device efficiency and lifetime still remain among the challenges. 7–9…”