Recent advances in digital latching ferrite devices

Whicker, L.R.

doi:10.1109/irecon.1966.1147699

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…RRTMG_SW is a modified version of the AER RRTMG_SWv5 atmospheric radiative transfer model (Mlawer et al., 2020), used to calculate the atmospheric radiative transfer simulations. SNICAR‐ADv5 is a modified version of the SNICAR‐ADv4 code (Whicker, 2021), used to simulate the spectral albedo of snow, ice, and liquid water surface. This code uses the refractive indices of liquid water, which we use from Segelstein (1981).…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface and Atmospheric Heating Responses to Spectrally Resolved Albedo of Frozen and Liquid Water Surfaces

Tolento,

Zender,

Whicker‐Clarke

2024

JGR Atmospheres

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Multiple Earth system models (ESMs) discretize surface albedo into two semi‐broadbands comprising the UV/visible and near‐infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Here, we use an offline single‐column radiative transfer model to investigate the radiative effects of spectrally resolving the surface albedo. We use the Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiative model, extended to simulate liquid water, to calculate snow, ice, and liquid water albedo. We flux‐weight the hyperspectral albedo into the coarser spectral bands used by the atmospheric shortwave radiative transfer model. We establish representative atmospheric profiles for the three surface types and compare their shortwave fluxes and atmospheric warming rates with the spectrally resolved albedo to those calculated with the semi‐broadband approximation. Spectrally resolved surface albedo over snow and ice reduces atmospheric warming by darkening the albedo of NIR bands, correcting the too‐strong surface absorption in visible bands, and too‐weak surface absorption in shortwave infrared bands caused by the semi‐broadband approximation. We explore the effects on surface and atmospheric warming rates of varying solar zenith angle, cloud cover, relative humidity, and snow grain/air bubble radii. The semi‐broadband albedo biases can exceed 10% and 2% for the surface and atmospheric net flux respectively, being particularly strong under conditions which alter the distributions of surface insolation (i.e., cloud cover or increased atmospheric water vapor). These results show that transmitting a higher resolution spectral radiation field between the atmosphere and surface reduces biases in surface absorption and atmospheric heating present in ESMs that currently use the semi‐broadband approximation.

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Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface and Atmospheric Heating Responses to Spectrally Resolved Albedo of Frozen and Liquid Water Surfaces

Tolento,

Zender,

Whicker‐Clarke

2024

JGR Atmospheres

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“…As is known, latching ferrite phase shifters can be designed to operate in either analog or digital mode, depending on the magnetization state of the ferrite material [1][2][3][4][5]. The analog ferrite phase shifter always works under the remanence state of magnetization, whereas the digital ferrite phase shifter operates under the saturation state of magnetization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%