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A literature review of plating of copper into through-holes and blind holes is provided. Emphasis is given to the scientific understanding of various phenomena associated with the processes being discussed. The topics include challenges posed to the plating processes, current state as well as the advantages and disadvantages of electroless and electroplated copper, copper distribution problems in electroplating of through-holes, and mass transport deficiency in plating vias and masked patterns. Criteria for quantitative evaluation of limitations of plating technology are discussed on the basis of published literature.

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A hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna with a concentric conductor is studied theoretically. The new configuration offers a wider bandwidth and a highcr rcsonant frcqucncy than that without the conductor. The exact electric field Green's function due to the probe current is presented, and moment method is used to solve the probe current from which the broadside TEiii mode VSWR is determined. The effects of the probe displacement and of the probe length on the VSWR are discussed.

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