Recent Advances in Cyanine-Based Phototherapy Agents

Bilici, Kübra; Cetin, Sultan; Aydındogan, Eda; Acar, Havva Yağcı; Kölemen, Safacan

doi:10.3389/fchem.2021.707876

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 89 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[33] Further, rhodamine dyes are known as singlet oxygen generators, [34] and the present work further supports this finding. Lastly, cyanine dyes can generate 1 O 2 , [35] consistent with the present report. This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the dyes under identical reaction conditions.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Fluorophore‐mediated photooxidation of the guanine heterocycle

Fleming

Xiao

Chabot

et al. 2022

J of Physical Organic Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fluorescent dyes are routinely used to visualize DNA or RNA in various experiments, and some dyes also act as photosensitizers capable of catalyzing oxidation reactions. The present studies explored whether the common labeling dyes fluorescein, rhodamine, BODIPY, or cyanine3 (Cy3) can function as photosensitizers to oxidize nucleic acid polymers. Photoirradiation of each dye in the presence of the guanine (G) heterocycle, which is the most sensitive toward oxidation, identified slow rates of nucleobase oxidation in the nucleoside and DNA contexts. For all four fluorophores studied, the only product detected was spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp), suggesting that the dyes functioned as Type II photosensitizers and generate singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). The nucleoside reactions were then conducted in D 2 O solutions, known to increase the lifetime of 1 O 2 , which resulted in an $6-fold increase in the Sp yield, further supporting the classification of these dyes as Type II photosensitizers. Lastly, we inspected the pattern of G reactivity with the dyes upon photoirradiation in the context of a parallel-stranded G quadruplex. The G nucleotides in the two exterior G tetrads were found to be oxidation prone, providing the third line of evidence that the dyes are Type II photooxidants. The present work found that the common dyes fluorescein, rhodamine, BODIPY, or Cy3 can drive G oxidation but with a slow rate and low overall yield. This will likely not impact many experiments using dyes to study nucleic acids except for those that have long exposures with high-intensity lights, such as sequencing-by-synthesis experiments using fluorescence as the readout.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Fluorophore‐mediated photooxidation of the guanine heterocycle

Fleming

Xiao

Chabot

et al. 2022

J of Physical Organic Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Along with imaging applications, cyanine dyes are under investigation for image-guided phototherapy and were tried as PSs for synergistic PDT–PTT. 27…”

Section: Innovative Organic Photosensitizers For Antimicrobial Photot...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic photosensitizers for antimicrobial phototherapy

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First of all, their absorption maxima can be tuned to the NIR region through easy structural modifications. Moreover, their biocompatibility, low toxicity and good photostability make them suitable for biological applications and in particular for photodynamic therapy [6,33,[55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Cyanine Dye-based Photosensitizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymethine dyes for PDT: recent advances and perspectives to drive future applications

Dereje

Pontremoli

Plata

et al. 2022

Photochem Photobiol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been proved that the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is closely related to the intrinsic features of the photosensitizer (PS). Over the recent years, several efforts have been devoted to the discovery of novel and more efficient photosensitizers showing higher efficacy and lower side effects. In this context, squaraine and cyanine dyes have been reported to potentially overcome the drawbacks related to the traditional PSs. In fact, squaraines and cyanines are characterized by sharp and intense absorption bands and narrow emission bands with high extinction coefficients typically in the red and near-infrared region, good photo and thermal stability and a strong fluorescent emission in organic solvents. In addition, biocompatibility and low toxicity make them suitable for biological applications. Despite these interesting intrinsic features, their chemical instability and self-aggregation properties in biological media still limit their use in PDT. To overcome these drawbacks, the self-assembly and incorporation into smart nanoparticle systems are forwarded promising approaches that can control their physicochemical properties, providing rational solutions for the limitation of free dye administration in the PDT application. The present review summarizes the latest advances in squaraine and cyanine dyes for PDT application, analyzing the different strategies, i.e.the self-assembly and the incorporation into nanoparticles, to further enhance their photochemical properties and therapeutic potential. The in vivo assessments are still limited, thus further delaying their effective application in PDT. Graphical abstract

show abstract

Recent Advances in Cyanine-Based Phototherapy Agents

Cited by 50 publications

References 89 publications

Fluorophore‐mediated photooxidation of the guanine heterocycle

Fluorophore‐mediated photooxidation of the guanine heterocycle

Organic photosensitizers for antimicrobial phototherapy

Polymethine dyes for PDT: recent advances and perspectives to drive future applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About