Recent advances in cattle functional genomics and their application to beef quality

Hocquette, Jean-François; Lehnert, S. A.; Barendse, W.; Cassar-Malek, Isabelle; Picard, Brigitte

doi:10.1017/s1751731107658042

Cited by 89 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…This is obviously true with extreme animals such as double-muscled bovines (Hocquette et al, 1998 and. This suggests that muscle and non-muscular adipose tissue interplay during the process of IMF accumulation, through hormonal changes such as thyroid hormones (Cassar-Malek et al, 2007b) and the insulin-glucose axis , which have been shown to be important in the differentiation of bovine muscles for instance. Attempts have been made to predict IMF level from blood parameters (Adachi et al, 1999).…”

Section: How Might Marbling Begin?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies dealing with functional genomics in livestock animals have been published so far (reviewed by Lehnert et al, 2006;Hocquette et al, 2007b;Cassar-Malek et al, 2008 for cattle). The global nature of genomics technology could be then an advantage for elucidating the complex physiological control of IMF fat content, which is likely mediated through multiple biochemical and molecular mechanisms in both adipocytes and myofibres.…”

Section: Genetic Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers

Hocquette

Gondret

Baéza³

et al. 2010

Animal

611

444

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Intramuscular fat (IMF) content plays a key role in various quality traits of meat. IMF content varies between species, between breeds and between muscle types in the same breed. Other factors are involved in the variation of IMF content in animals, including gender, age and feeding. Variability in IMF content is mainly linked to the number and size of intramuscular adipocytes. The accretion rate of IMF depends on the muscle growth rate. For instance, animals having a high muscularity with a high glycolytic activity display a reduced development of IMF. This suggests that muscle cells and adipocytes interplay during growth. In addition, early events that influence adipogenesis inside the muscle (i.e proliferation and differentiation of adipose cells, the connective structure embedding adipocytes) might be involved in interindividual differences in IMF content. Increasing muscularity will also dilute the final fat content of muscle. At the metabolic level, IMF content results from the balance between uptake, synthesis and degradation of triacylglycerols, which involve many metabolic pathways in both adipocytes and myofibres. Various experiments revealed an association between IMF level and the muscle content in adipocyte-type fatty acid-binding protein, the activities of oxidative enzymes, or the delta-6-desaturase level; however, other studies failed to confirm such relationships. This might be due to the importance of fatty acid fluxes that is likely to be responsible for variability in IMF content during the postnatal period rather than the control of one single pathway. This is evident in the muscle of most fish species in which triacylglycerol synthesis is almost zero. Genetic approaches for increasing IMF have been focused on live animal ultrasound to derive estimated breeding values. More recently, efforts have concentrated on discovering DNA markers that change the distribution of fat in the body (i.e. towards IMF at the expense of the carcass fatness). Thanks to the exhaustive nature of genomics (transcriptomics and proteomics), our knowledge on fat accumulation in muscles is now being underpinned. Metabolic specificities of intramuscular adipocytes have also been demonstrated, as compared to other depots. Nutritional manipulation of IMF independently from body fat depots has proved to be more difficult to achieve than genetic strategies to have lipid deposition dependent of adipose tissue location. In addition, the biological mechanisms that explain the variability of IMF content differ between genetic and nutritional factors. The nutritional regulation of IMF also differs between ruminants, monogastrics and fish due to their digestive and nutritional particularities.

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Section: How Might Marbling Begin?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers

Hocquette

Gondret

Baéza³

et al. 2010

Animal

611

444

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“…Tissue-specific cDNA (cDNA) libraries and microarrays have been generated in different laboratories from individual or pooled tissues, organs and cells in chicken (reviewed in Cogburn et al 2004), cattle (reviewed in Hocquette et al 2007) and swine (reviewed in Tuggle et al 2007). Pan-genomic sets and microarrays have also been developed for chicken and bovine and are available in North America (http://www.fhcrc.org and http://www.pyxisgenomics.…”

Section: Genomics Applied To Livestock Production Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the beef industry is looking for biological or molecular indicators that would identify live animals with desirable quality attributes, in order to orientate them towards the most appropriate production system. Genomics is thought to be helpful to achieve this general objective (reviewed by Hocquette et al 2007).…”

Section: Application To Meat Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of gene expression studies in livestock production systems: a European perspective

Cassar-Malek

Picard

Bernard

et al. 2008

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

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Abstract. In the context of sustainable agriculture and animal husbandry, understanding animal physiology remains a major challenge in the breeding and production of livestock, especially to develop animal farming systems that respond to the new and diversified consumer demand. Physiological processes depend on the expression of many genes acting in concert. Considerable effort has been expended in recent years on examining the mechanisms controlling gene expression and their regulation by biological and external factors (e.g. genetic determinants, nutritional factors, and animal management). Two main strategies have been developed to identify important genes. The first one has focussed on the expression of candidate genes for key physiological pathways at the level of both the transcripts and proteins. An original strategy has emerged with the advent of genomics that addresses the same issues through the examination of the molecular signatures of all genes and proteins using high-throughput techniques (e.g. transcriptomics and proteomics). In this review, the application of the gene expression studies in livestock production systems is discussed. Some practical examples of genomics applied to livestock production systems (e.g. to optimise animal nutrition, meat quality or animal management) are presented, and their outcomes are considered. In the future, integration of the knowledge gained from these studies will finally result in optimising livestock production systems through detection of desirable animals and their integration into accurate breeding programs or innovative management systems.

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“…For both beef and dairy production enterprises, there is increased recognition that the overall efficiency of nutrient use during growth and lactation is a function of management and environmental factors that result in animal responses coordinated via an explicitly integrated system of genetics, nutrition, immune competence and physiological processes (Hocquette et al, 2007 and2010;Loor, 2010;Berry et al, 2011). Work in several groups across the world aims to integrate data at the molecular, tissue metabolic and whole-animal level to determine the key control mechanisms that allow dairy and beef animals to be more efficient under a range of nutritional management conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cattle genomics and its implications for future nutritional strategies for dairy cattle

Seo

Larkin

Loor

2013

Animal

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The recently sequenced cattle (Bos taurus) genome unraveled the unique genomic features of the species and provided the molecular basis for applying a systemic approach to systematically link genomic information to metabolic traits. Comparative analysis has identified a variety of evolutionary adaptive features in the cattle genome, such as an expansion of the gene families related to the rumen function, large number of chromosomal rearrangements affecting regulation of genes for lactation, and chromosomal rearrangements that are associated with segmental duplications and copy number variations. Metabolic reconstruction of the cattle genome has revealed that core metabolic pathways are highly conserved among mammals although five metabolic genes are deleted or highly diverged and seven metabolic genes are present in duplicate in the cattle genome compared to their human counter parts. The evolutionary loss and gain of metabolic genes in the cattle genome may reflect metabolic adaptations of cattle. Metabolic reconstruction also provides a platform for better understanding of metabolic regulation in cattle and ruminants. A substantial body of transcriptomics data from dairy and beef cattle under different nutritional management and across different stages of growth and lactation are already available and will aid in linking the genome with metabolism and nutritional physiology of cattle. Application of cattle genomics has great potential for future development of nutritional strategies to improve efficiency and sustainability of beef and milk production. One of the biggest challenges is to integrate genomic and phenotypic data and interpret them in a biological and practical platform. Systems biology, a holistic and systemic approach, will be very useful in overcoming this challenge.

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Recent advances in cattle functional genomics and their application to beef quality

Cited by 89 publications

References 94 publications

Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers

Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers

Application of gene expression studies in livestock production systems: a European perspective

Cattle genomics and its implications for future nutritional strategies for dairy cattle

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