Cattle genomics and its implications for future nutritional strategies for dairy cattle

Abstract

The recently sequenced cattle (Bos taurus) genome unraveled the unique genomic features of the species and provided the molecular basis for applying a systemic approach to systematically link genomic information to metabolic traits. Comparative analysis has identified a variety of evolutionary adaptive features in the cattle genome, such as an expansion of the gene families related to the rumen function, large number of chromosomal rearrangements affecting regulation of genes for lactation, and chromosomal rearrangements that are associated with segmental duplications and copy number variations. Metabolic reconstruction of the cattle genome has revealed that core metabolic pathways are highly conserved among mammals although five metabolic genes are deleted or highly diverged and seven metabolic genes are present in duplicate in the cattle genome compared to their human counter parts. The evolutionary loss and gain of metabolic genes in the cattle genome may reflect metabolic adaptations of cattle. Metabolic reconstruction also provides a platform for better understanding of metabolic regulation in cattle and ruminants. A substantial body of transcriptomics data from dairy and beef cattle under different nutritional management and across different stages of growth and lactation are already available and will aid in linking the genome with metabolism and nutritional physiology of cattle. Application of cattle genomics has great potential for future development of nutritional strategies to improve efficiency and sustainability of beef and milk production. One of the biggest challenges is to integrate genomic and phenotypic data and interpret them in a biological and practical platform. Systems biology, a holistic and systemic approach, will be very useful in overcoming this challenge.

Climate change, nutrigenomics, immune function and diseases and production in dairy cattle: a comprehensive review

“…Through nutritional strategy based on animal genotype (James 2009), we will then outfitted to enhance animal immunity and prevent and control animal disease based on nutrition and climate change. (Shen et al 2013;Raszek et al 2016), and the promotion of customized, genotype-based diets (Ferrell et al 2006;Seo et al 2013), management for optimal animal health is more common in developed countries veterinary medicine. However, these opportunities are missing in underdeveloped countries (Bayne et al 2015), particularly in Africa.…”

The Use of “Omics” in Lactation Research in Dairy Cows

“…Genomics helps us select breeds for ideal traits, develop new nutritional strategies for better production performance, and even effectively predict mammary diseases. Unlike the previous publication by Seo et al [11], which mainly discussed the potential nutritional strategies for dairy cattle based on genomic studies, here we summarized the previous applications of genomics in lactation research (see Table 1 for details), especially in dairy cows.…”

Animal Models in Biomedical Research

“…For example, while most of the genes for metabolism are conserved with other mammals, five metabolism genes in cattle are deleted or highly diverged, and seven are present in duplicate compared to humans implying that these genes are critical or unique to cattle nutrition (Seo et al, 2013). For example, while most of the genes for metabolism are conserved with other mammals, five metabolism genes in cattle are deleted or highly diverged, and seven are present in duplicate compared to humans implying that these genes are critical or unique to cattle nutrition (Seo et al, 2013).…”