Recent advances in catalytic systems in the prism of physicochemical properties to remediate toxic CO pollutants: A state-of-the-art review

Hussain, I.; Jalil, Aishah Abdul; Hamid, M.Y.S.; Hassan, N.S.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130285

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 367 publications

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“…Zirconium carbide-carbon (ZrC@C) composites have been considered strategic materials in emitters and coatings for nuclear reactor fuels due to their high melting point, good mechanical properties, small neutron absorption cross section, high sorption capacity and radiolytic stability toward radioactive isotopes [1][2][3][4]. Zirconium dioxide and its composites with carbon are widely used in various branches of science and industry, e.g., in pharmaceutical industry [5][6][7], catalysis and nanotechnology [8,9] and chemical and environmental engineering [10][11][12][13]. Synthesis of various polymorphs of ZrO 2 for various purposes is an intensively studied area of zirconium chemistry [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-assisted preparation of nano-(ZrC, ZrO2)@carbon composites from Zr-loaded sulfonated styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers

Martiz

Károly

Trif

et al. 2022

J Therm Anal Calorim

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We have developed a simple method to prepare nano-(ZrC0.93, ZrO2-polymorphs)@carbon composites with graphite/amorphous carbon content and adjustable Zr/C ratio based on using a multistep tube furnace and plasma-assisted heat treatment of zirconium-loaded sulfonated styrene–divinylbenzene (STY-DVB) copolymers. Pre-pyrolysis of zirconium-loaded sulfonated STY-DVB ion exchangers with 2 and 8 mass % DVB at temperatures between 1000 and 1400 °C for 2 h produced nano-ZrO2@C intermediates with particle sizes of ~ 30–60 nm with no ZrC formation. Plasma processing of nano-ZrO2@C resulted in nano-(ZrC0.93, ZrO2)@C composites with 11% (under a He atmosphere) (C/Zr = 73) or 13% (under a H2 atmosphere) (C/Zr = 58) ZrC0.93 content. Three polymorphs of the zirconium dioxide (tetragonal, monoclinic and cubic, between 18 and 27 nm) were found in the products. The amounts of tetragonal and monoclinic ones are comparable to that of ZrC0.93. The average particle size of ZrC0.93 prepared in this way was found to be 21–23 nm. The BET surface area of the nano-(ZrC0.93, ZrO2)@C(graphite) composites prepared in He and H2 was over 250 and 300 m2/g, respectively. We developed a reproducible and easy method to prepare nano-(ZrC, ZrO2)@C products by setting the DVB content, sulfonation degree, Zr loading and the thermal treatment conditions, which have an influence on the ZrC and graphite/amorphous carbon content of nano-ZrO2@C intermediates. The zirconium-loaded sulfonated styrene–divinylbenzene (STY-DVB) copolymers (2 and 8 mass% DVB) or their thermal decomposition was characterized with vibrational spectroscopy, thermal analysis and DSC or powder XRD, BET, XPS and HRTEM methods, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-assisted preparation of nano-(ZrC, ZrO2)@carbon composites from Zr-loaded sulfonated styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers

Martiz

Károly

Trif

et al. 2022

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…The chemical nature of functional groups (sulfonate or iminodiacetate) and DVB content in the STY-DVB copolymer have a significant influence on the chemical nature of metal compounds embedded in the carbon matrix during the carbonization of metalloaded, functionalized, styrene-divinylbenzene (STY-DVB) copolymers, [6][7][8]. In fact, ZrC could be prepared by the carbonization of the quaternary ammonium group-containing and anionic Zr-loaded STY-DVB resins at 1350 • C [3], whereas only ZrO 2 @C composites were formed from the sulfonated resins [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-ZrO2@C, Nano-(ZrC, ZrO2)@C and Nano-ZrC@C Composites Prepared by Plasma-Assisted Carbonization of Zr-Loaded Iminodiacetate-Functionalized Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymers

et al. 2022

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We have developed an easy route to prepare (nano-ZrO2,nano-ZrCx)@C composites with varying ZrO2/ZrCx content. The process consists of preparing a zirconium-loaded, iminodiacetate-functionalized styrene-divinylbenzene (STY-DVB) copolymer, and its subsequent carbonization in a tube furnace and/or a thermal plasma reactor. Depending on the zirconium salt used (zirconyl chloride, zirconyl nitrate or zirconium (IV) sulfate) in the Zr loading, the Zr-loaded resins resulted in ZrO2@C pre-pyrolizates with C to Zr molar ratios of 5.8, 6.8 and 6.60. This carbon surplus is sufficient for the partial or even complete reduction of ZrO2 into ZrC0.58 at 1400 °C. The reaction products also contain 5 to 55 mass% residual free carbon. The plasma processing of the ZrO2@C composite formed at 1000 °C in a tube furnace led to ZrC0.94@C composites. The transformation of amorphous carbon content during the plasma treatment strongly depended on the atmosphere (He or H2) in the reactor and the anion type of the Zr salt. In the presence of He, amorphous carbon could be completely transformed into graphite. In the presence of H2, amorphous carbon and graphite were found at roughly the same ratio. No ZrO2 could be detected in the plasma-treated samples, whilst different ZrO2 polymorphs were found in the samples prepared in the tube furnace, depending on the synthesis conditions.

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“…As the consequences, gas emission in Jakarta was elevated from 6000 µg/m 3 (2011) to 8000 µg/m 3 (2012) [2]. The exhaust gas emission contained harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) as the results of uncompleted combustion from vehicles [3][4][5][6][7]. One of attractive strategy to solve this problem is utilization of catalytic converter that can convert toxic gases in the exhaust gas emission to less toxic gas pollutants such as CO2 and H2O [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exhaust gas emission contained harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) as the results of uncompleted combustion from vehicles [3][4][5][6][7]. One of attractive strategy to solve this problem is utilization of catalytic converter that can convert toxic gases in the exhaust gas emission to less toxic gas pollutants such as CO2 and H2O [3][4][5][6][7]. Platina (Pt) was used as one of the catalysts in catalytic converter because its high gas emission conversion (up to 90%) and recyclability [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of attractive strategy to solve this problem is utilization of catalytic converter that can convert toxic gases in the exhaust gas emission to less toxic gas pollutants such as CO2 and H2O [3][4][5][6][7]. Platina (Pt) was used as one of the catalysts in catalytic converter because its high gas emission conversion (up to 90%) and recyclability [3,4]. However, Pt requires high temperature (at least 500 °C) for high conversion of toxic gas pollutants [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Platina Nanoparticles with the Presence of Cellulose Nano Crystals

Wibowo

Santoso

Judawisastra

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Platina play a crucial role in catalytic converter device as one of catalyst that convert toxic gases in the exhaust gas emission to less toxic gas pollutant. The performance of this device can be significantly elevated by implementing platina nanoparticles (Pt NPs) because catalytic performance can be increased by decreasing its particles size. However, nanoparticles are not stable and tend to agglomerate, thus prohibit formation of nano particles. In this context, utilization of cellulose nano crystals (CNCs) in fabrication of Pt NPs are attractive due to their ability to encourage nucleation and prevent agglomeration of nanoparticles. In this study, Pt NPs was prepared by reduction of H2PtCl6 solution at various temperature (25, 33 and 40 °C) with the presence of CNCs. Based on visual observation, darker precipitate was observed by increasing temperature. Further characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy showed that about 90% of Pt4+ in solution were successfully convert to dark particles at 40 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) revealed that the dark particles in sample is Pt NPs with particles size 16.5 ± 3.2 nm.

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Recent advances in catalytic systems in the prism of physicochemical properties to remediate toxic CO pollutants: A state-of-the-art review

Cited by 28 publications

References 367 publications

Plasma-assisted preparation of nano-(ZrC, ZrO2)@carbon composites from Zr-loaded sulfonated styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers

Plasma-assisted preparation of nano-(ZrC, ZrO2)@carbon composites from Zr-loaded sulfonated styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers

Nano-ZrO2@C, Nano-(ZrC, ZrO2)@C and Nano-ZrC@C Composites Prepared by Plasma-Assisted Carbonization of Zr-Loaded Iminodiacetate-Functionalized Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymers

Preparation of Platina Nanoparticles with the Presence of Cellulose Nano Crystals

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