Recent Advances in Biosensor Technology for Potential Applications – An Overview

Abstract

Imperative utilization of biosensors has acquired paramount importance in the field of drug discovery, biomedicine, food safety standards, defense, security, and environmental monitoring. This has led to the invention of precise and powerful analytical tools using biological sensing element as biosensor. Glucometers utilizing the strategy of electrochemical detection of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide using immobilized glucose oxidase electrode seeded the discovery of biosensors. Recent advances in biological techniques and instrumentation involving fluorescence tag to nanomaterials have increased the sensitive limit of biosensors. Use of aptamers or nucleotides, affibodies, peptide arrays, and molecule imprinted polymers provide tools to develop innovative biosensors over classical methods. Integrated approaches provided a better perspective for developing specific and sensitive biosensors with high regenerative potentials. Various biosensors ranging from nanomaterials, polymers to microbes have wider potential applications. It is quite important to integrate multifaceted approaches to design biosensors that have the potential for diverse usage. In light of this, this review provides an overview of different types of biosensors being used ranging from electrochemical, fluorescence tagged, nanomaterials, silica or quartz, and microbes for various biomedical and environmental applications with future outlook of biosensor technology.

Microbiological Biosensors Based on Luminescence

“…Doskonałym rozwiązaniem wydają się być biosensory, które powszechnie stosowane są w ochronie środowiska [1][2][3], medycynie [4][5][6] przemyśle spożywczym [7][8][9] lub przemyśle obronnym. W całej rodzinie biosensorów można wyróżnić mikrobiologiczne biosensory bazujące na zjawisku luminescencji, które ze względu na ich dobrą czułość, szybką reakcję na zanieczyszczenie oraz szerokie spektrum temperatury i zakres pH, w których mogą pracować, są coraz częściej stosowane.…”

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer/Metal Organic Framework Based Chemical Sensors

“…The field of chemosensors and biosensors has experienced a constant expansion, with an increasing number of papers published in the last years regarding their development and applications [1]. Increasing attention has been given to the replacement of biological receptors with semisynthetic or synthetic receptors such as engineered proteins, aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) [2][3][4][5][6], which offer a more stable, robust and cheap alternative for molecular recognition.…”

Copper Nanoparticles Differentially Target Testis of the Catfish, Clarias batrachus: In vivo and In vitro Study

“…Despite several applications, NPs toxicity have been receiving much attention among researchers as it has unique property, large surface to volume ratio and highly reactive toward chemical and biological molecules (Wani et al, 2011). Intriguingly, advances in biosensor technology also focuses in detecting pesticides or nanomaterials in food and various industrial products for exercising safety (Vigneshvar et al, 2016). Several studies authenticated that NPs can cause sublethal effects in fish including reproductive and respiratory toxicity, damage to the tissues and oxidative stress (Moore, 2006;Krysanov et al, 2010;Shaw and Handy, 2011).…”