Recent advances in biodiesel production: Challenges and solutions

Mathew, Gincy Marina; Raina, Diksha; Narisetty, Vivek; Kumar, Vinod; Saran, Saurabh; Pugazhendi, Arivalagan; Sindhu, Raveendran; Pandey, Ashok; Binod, Parameswaran

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148751

Cited by 195 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…Alkoxides are derived from n-alcohol radicals commonly soluble in any polar solvent such as alcohol e.g., n-alcohol-derived sodium alkoxides are easily soluble in alcohols [48,49]. So, we can use alkoxides as homogeneous base catalysts in the production of biodiesel.…”

Section: Alkoxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Widely Used Catalysts for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) Production: A Review

et al. 2021

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The effective transesterification process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) requires the use of low-cost, less corrosive, environmentally friendly and effective catalysts. Currently, worldwide biodiesel production revolves around the use of alkaline and acidic catalysts employed in heterogeneous and homogeneous phases. Homogeneous catalysts (soluble catalysts) for FAME production have been widespread for a while, but solid catalysts (heterogeneous catalysts) are a newer development for FAME production. The rate of reaction is much increased when homogeneous basic catalysts are used, but the main drawback is the cost of the process which arises due to the separation of catalysts from the reaction media after product formation. A promising field for catalytic biodiesel production is the use of heteropoly acids (HPAs) and polyoxometalate compounds. The flexibility of their structures and super acidic properties can be enhanced by incorporation of polyoxometalate anions into the complex proton acids. This pseudo liquid phase makes it possible for nearly all mobile protons to take part in the catalysis process. Carbonaceous materials which are obtained after sulfonation show promising catalytic activity towards the transesterification process. Another promising heterogeneous acid catalyst used for FAME production is vanadium phosphate. Furthermore, biocatalysts are receiving attention for large-scale FAME production in which lipase is the most common one used successfully This review critically describes the most important homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts used in the current FAME production, with future directions for their use.

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Section: Alkoxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Widely Used Catalysts for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) Production: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Biodiesel is a fatty acid methyl ester obtained from the reaction of vegetable or animal oil/fat (triacylglycerol) with methanol in the presence of an alkaline catalyst 1 . In European countries, including France and Germany, the practical application of biodiesel is already underway as a national project, and it has become widespread in the society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, Kyoto, which has a large foodservice industry, is collecting waste cooking oil from restaurants and households. Biodiesel is also a low-pollution fuel, and compared with diesel oil, it significantly decreases the black smoke in automobile exhaust and produces almost no sulfur oxides that cause acid rain 1 . Thus, biodiesel is attracting attention as a carbon–neutral and eco-friendly fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct production of polyhydroxybutyrate and alginate from crude glycerol by Azotobacter vinelandii using atmospheric nitrogen

Yoshida

Takase

Sugahara³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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While biodiesel is drawing attention as an eco-friendly fuel, the use of crude glycerol, a byproduct of the fuel production process, has increasingly become a concern to be addressed. Here we show the development of a low-cost fermentation technology using an atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacterium to recycle crude glycerol into functional biopolymers. Azotobacter vinelandii showed substantial growth on tap water-diluted crude glycerol without any pretreatment. The number of viable A. vinelandii cells increased over 1000-fold under optimal growth conditions. Most of the glycerol content (~ 0.2%) in the crude glycerol medium was completely depleted within 48 h of culture. Useful polymers, such as polyhydroxybutyrate and alginate, were also produced. Polyhydroxybutyrate productivity was increased ten-fold by blocking the alginate synthesis pathway. Although there are few examples of using crude glycerol directly as a carbon source for microbial fermentation, there are no reports on the use of crude glycerol without the addition of a nitrogen source. This study demonstrated that it is possible to develop a technology to produce industrially useful polymers from crude glycerol through energy-saving and energy-efficient fermentation using the atmospheric nitrogen-fixing microorganism A. vinelandii.

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“…It is safer to store, handle, and operate than industrial diesel because it is non-toxic, biodegradable, and has a high flash point [ 10 ]. When fossil fuels are burned, greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere, raising the temperature and causing global warming [ 11 ]. Biodiesel, which is made from indigenous energy sources, can serve as an alternate fuel source and lessen our reliance on foreign oil sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heterogeneous catalyst biochar produced from pyrolysis of cork at 600 °C in 6 h with 98% FAME conversion [ 32 ]. Lipases are used for enzymatic transesterification, and their use was limited due to enzyme inactivation by insoluble methanol droplets, resulting in a lower fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield [ 11 ]. Homogeneous alkali catalysts are used in the majority of industrial operations (e.g., NaOH or KOH) [ 9 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An appraisal on enablers for enhancement of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel production facilities using the interpretative structural modeling approach

Kukana¹,

Jakhar²

2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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With the continuous depletion of energy sources globally and serious concern regarding environmental degradation by the use of fossil fuel, biodiesel may play a key transponder. Biodiesel blended with diesel fuel achieves a decreased environmental footprint without losing the reliability of output and consumption. Biodiesel is produced from a variety of sources. Biodiesel generation from waste cooking oil (WCO) is effective for both the atmosphere and human health. Many research studies reported WCO biodiesel as a potential alternative fuel for internal combustion engine. The present study aims to provide key promoting and implementing agents for WCO utilization and WCO-based biodiesel production. A systematic literature review has been performed to identify enablers and the contextual relationship between various enablers was developed using interpretative structural modeling (ISM) and expert views. Using the method of ISM and cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) methodology, the impact of enablers is studied. The findings revealed that all established enablers play an important role and are equally important promoters for the development of biodiesel based on WCO. The findings further suggest that human health issues, biodiesel processing plants, biodiesel support vehicles, and biodiesel production technology play a key role in the manufacture of biodiesel dependent on WCO. The most important leaders in the development of WCO biodiesel are government policy and funding, confidence in environmental issues, and financial assistance to biodiesel manufacturers.

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Recent advances in biodiesel production: Challenges and solutions

Cited by 195 publications

References 176 publications

Trends in Widely Used Catalysts for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) Production: A Review

Trends in Widely Used Catalysts for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) Production: A Review

Direct production of polyhydroxybutyrate and alginate from crude glycerol by Azotobacter vinelandii using atmospheric nitrogen

An appraisal on enablers for enhancement of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel production facilities using the interpretative structural modeling approach

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