Recent advances in bioactive nanocrystal‐stabilized Pickering emulsions: Fabrication, characterization, and biological assessment

Abstract

Numerous literatures have shown the advantages of Pickering emulsion (PE) for the delivery of bioactive ingredients in the fields of food, medicine, and cosmetics, among others. On this basis, the multi‐loading mode of bioactives (internal phase encapsulation and/or loading at the interface) in small molecular bioactives nanocrystal‐stabilized PE (BNC‐PE) enables them higher loading efficiencies, controlled release, and synergistic or superimposed effects. Therefore, BNC‐PE offers an efficacious delivery system. In this review, we briefly summarize BNC‐PE fabrication and characterization, with a focus on the processes of possible evolution and absorption of differentially applied BNC‐PE when interacting with the body. In addition, methods of monitoring changes and absorption of BNC‐PE in vivo, from the nanomaterial perspective, are also introduced. The purpose of this review is to provide an accessible and comprehensive methodology for the characterization and evaluation of BNC‐PE after formulation and preparation, especially in relation to biological assessment and detailed mechanisms throughout the absorption process of BNC‐PE in vivo.

Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Natural Quercetin Self-Stabilizing Pickering Emulsion

“…Nanosized natural substances can also be used for Pickering emulsion stabilization. Typically, there are two kinds of methods used to reduce materials into nanosized particles: top-down and bottom-up [ 20 ]. The top-down method often involves a high energy input, such as high-pressure homogenization and wet milling technology [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Progress of Drug Nanocrystal Self-Stabilized Pickering Emulsions: Construction, Characteristics In Vitro, and Fate In Vivo

“…Ginkgo biloba extract contains a large number of flavonoids, which can react with AlCl 3 to produce fluorescent substances. Based on this principle, Yang et al [ 35 ] mixed ginkgo biloba flavonoid-stabilized DNSPE with an equal volume of AlCl 3 ethanol solution, and then observed the structure of the emulsion droplets at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm by CLSM. A red fluorescence of flavonoids stained by AlCl 3 was observed around the emulsion droplets, suggesting some flavonoid particles were coated at the surface of the oil droplets, thus strongly confirming the formation of a Pickering emulsion.…”

“…Ginkgo biloba extract contains a large number of flavonoids, which can react with AlCl3 to produce fluorescent substances. Based on this principle, Yang et al [35] mixed ginkgo biloba Strictly speaking, the substance detected by CLSM subsequent to the dispersion of the fluorophore in water is the fluorophore itself, rather than solid particles. It is necessary to ascertain that the fluorophore is capable of binding to solid particles and that any unbound fluorophore has been removed prior to CLSM observation.…”

“…Recently there has been a growing interest in the utilization of poorly water-soluble bioactive particles as solid stabilizers for Pickering emulsions [ 35 ]. This new kind of Pickering emulsion can be called a drug nanocrystal self-stabilized Pickering emulsion (DNSPE).…”