Recent advances in bacterial therapeutics based on sense and response

The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment, while low response rates and systemic toxicity limit its clinical outcomes. With the rapid advances in nanotechnology and materials science, various types of biomaterials have been developed to maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects by increasing tumor antigenicity, reversing immunosuppressive microenvironment, amplifying antitumor immune response, and reducing extratumoral distribution of checkpoint inhibitors as well as enhancing their retention within target sites. In this review, we reviewed current design strategies for different types of biomaterials to augment ICB therapy effectively and then discussed present representative biomaterial-assisted immune modulation and targeted delivery of checkpoint inhibitors to boost ICB therapy. Current challenges and future development prospects for expanding the ICB with biomaterials were also summarized. We anticipate this review will be helpful for developing emerging biomaterials for ICB therapy and promoting the clinical application of ICB therapy.

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Section: Biomaterial-assisted Immunomodulation For Enhanced Icb Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Checkpoint Immunotherapy with Biomaterials

et al. 2023

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“…*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. engineered bacteria for achieving antitumor effects. [27] In addition, Salmonella was engineered to deliver a self-replicating oral coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) RNA vaccine. [28] Therefore, VNP shows high promise as a carrier and shows some degree of clinical safety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagella of Tumor‐Targeting Bacteria Trigger Local Hemorrhage to Reprogram Tumor‐Associated Macrophages for Improved Antitumor Therapy

Xiong

Chen

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) exhibit an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype and lead to failure of antitumor therapy. Infiltrated erythrocytes during hemorrhage are recognized as a promising strategy for polarizing TAMs. However, novel materials that precisely induce tumor hemorrhage without affecting normal coagulation still face challenges. Here, tumor‐targeting bacteria (flhDC VNP) are genetically constructed to realize precise tumor hemorrhage. FlhDC VNP colonizes the tumor and overexpresses flagella during proliferation. The flagella promote the expression of tumor necrosis factor α, which induces local tumor hemorrhage. Infiltrated erythrocytes during the hemorrhage temporarily polarize macrophages to the M1 subtype. In the presence of artesunate, this short‐lived polarization is transformed into a sustained polarization because artesunate and heme form a complex that continuously produces reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the flagella of active tumor‐targeting bacteria may open up new strategies for reprogramming TAMs and improving antitumor therapy.

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“…As a result, the theory of bacterial (parasitic) oncogenesis was generally rejected by the scientific and medical communities to the middle of the 20th century. Despite this, publications have continued to occur only sporadically until recently, when interest in this topic appeared again due to the numerous reports establishing the connection of some types of cancer with bacterial agents [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Helicobacter pylori was the first bacterium whose etiological role in gastric cancer was proven.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Therapy of Cancer: A Way to the Dustbin of History or to the Medicine of the Future?

Ikryannikova,

Gorokhovets,

Belykh

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Bacteria are the constant companions of the human body throughout its life and even after its death. The history of a human disease such as cancer and the history of microorganisms, particularly bacteria, are believed to closely intertwined. This review was conceived to highlight the attempts of scientists from ancient times to the present day to discover the relationship between bacteria and the emergence or development of tumors in the human body. Challenges and achievements of 21st century science in forcing bacteria to serve for cancer treatment are considered. The future possibilities of bacterial cancer therapy, including the creation of bacterial microrobots, or “bacteriobots”, are also discussed.

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Recent advances in bacterial therapeutics based on sense and response

Cited by 5 publications

References 156 publications

Boosting Checkpoint Immunotherapy with Biomaterials

Boosting Checkpoint Immunotherapy with Biomaterials

Flagella of Tumor‐Targeting Bacteria Trigger Local Hemorrhage to Reprogram Tumor‐Associated Macrophages for Improved Antitumor Therapy

Bacterial Therapy of Cancer: A Way to the Dustbin of History or to the Medicine of the Future?

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