Boosting Checkpoint Immunotherapy with Biomaterials

Abstract

The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment, while low response rates and systemic toxicity limit its clinical outcomes. With the rapid advances in nanotechnology and materials science, various types of biomaterials have been developed to maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects by increasing tumor antigenicity, reversing immunosuppressive microenvironment, amplifying antitumor immune response, and reducing extratumoral distribution of checkpoint inhibitors as well as enhancing their retention within target sites. In this review, we reviewed current design strategies for different types of biomaterials to augment ICB therapy effectively and then discussed present representative biomaterial-assisted immune modulation and targeted delivery of checkpoint inhibitors to boost ICB therapy. Current challenges and future development prospects for expanding the ICB with biomaterials were also summarized. We anticipate this review will be helpful for developing emerging biomaterials for ICB therapy and promoting the clinical application of ICB therapy.

Virus-like silica nanoparticles enhance macromolecule permeationin vivo

“…44 Moreover, it is reported that virus-like particles activate the epitopes and lipid membrane layers on the cells and thus show enhancement in the cellular uptake. 45,46 The results suggested that VSNP are better at connecting with the cells, and potentially more particles are able to interact with the tight junction proteins.…”

Sniping Cancer Stem Cells with Nanomaterials

“…The advancement of nanomaterials offers a potential strategy for enhancing the effectiveness of ICB therapy . Kataoka et al developed a pH-sensitive epirubicin-loaded micelles (Epi/m) for synergizing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody against PTEN-negative GBM enriched with CSCs (Figure A) .…”

“…46,290−292 The advancement of nanomaterials offers a potential strategy for enhancing the effectiveness of ICB therapy. 293 Kataoka et al developed a pH-sensitive epirubicin-loaded micelles (Epi/m) for synergizing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody against PTENnegative GBM enriched with CSCs (Figure 8A). 294 Epi/m exerted its impact by inducing ICD, eradicating immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and transforming the "cold" GBM TME into a "hot" TME with heightened infiltrating antitumor immune cell (Figure 8B).…”

Multi‐Functional Eutectic Hydrogel for 3D Printable Flexible Omnidirectional Strain Sensors

“…Flexible electronics exhibited excellent flexibility, stretchability, and electrical properties endowed them with a wide range of potential applications including flexible robotics, biomedicine, wearable devices, electronic skin, and artificial intelligence. [1][2][3][4] Among them, the flexible sensor was one of the core components of electronic devices. [5,6] The flexible conductive materials used to fabricate sensors acquire information about the outside world by detecting externally applied stimuli and converting them into electrical signals.…”