Recent Advances in Aptamer Discovery and Applications

Zhang, Yang; Lai, Bo Shiun; Juhas, Mario

doi:10.3390/molecules24050941

Cited by 450 publications

(346 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…Composites of graphene oxide with Bi 2 S 3 nanorods were used for the electrochemical determination of dopamine [13], and arrays of cylindrical gold nanoelectrodes could be used for both the detection of dopamine and for the immobilization and growth of human neural cells [14]. Many other systems based on organic and inorganic materials have been reported for the sensing of dopamine [2,3].Synthetic bio-receptors such as aptamers appeared to be highly attractive for selective detection of dopamine [15][16][17]. Aptamers are artificial, relatively short single strand DNA or RNA oligomers having a particular sequence of nucleotides designed to accommodate a target molecule, e.g., dopamine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Aptasensor for Detection of Dopamine

et al. 2020

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This work presents a proof of concept of a novel, simple, and sensitive method of detection of dopamine, a neurotransmitter within the human brain. We propose a simple electrochemical method for the detection of dopamine using a dopamine-specific aptamer labeled with an electrochemically active ferrocene tag. Aptamers immobilized on the surface of gold screen-printed gold electrodes via thiol groups can change their secondary structure by wrapping around the target molecule. As a result, the ferrocene labels move closer to the electrode surface and subsequently increase the electron transfer. The cyclic voltammograms and impedance spectra recorded on electrodes in buffer solutions containing different concentration of dopamine showed, respectively, the increase in both the anodic and cathodic currents and decrease in the double layer resistance upon increasing the concentration of dopamine from 0.1 to 10 nM L −1 . The high affinity of aptamer-dopamine binding (KD ≈ 5 nM) was found by the analysis of the binding kinetics. The occurrence of aptamer-dopamine binding was directly confirmed with spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements.Chemosensors 2020, 8, 28 2 of 11 done on the electrochemical detection of dopamine and other neurotransmitters [2,3]. Dopamine can be very easily detected in an aqueous solution by electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry since dopamine undergoes electrochemical oxidation. However, a major issue is the selectivity since complex matrices such as blood contain a range of other oxidizable compounds such as urate or ascorbate which would also generate signals, leading to inaccurate readings. Selectivity towards dopamine is therefore required.A wide range of electrode materials have been proposed to increase the selectivity of dopamine detection [2,3]. A few recent examples include the use of materials such as Nafion combined with graphite [4] or multi-walled carbon nanotubes [5] to improve the selectivity towards dopamine. Other researchers have utilized graphene-modified screen-printed electrodes [6] or graphene aerogels [7] as substrates for the selective determination of dopamine. Composites of carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide could be used to determine dopamine, nitrate, ascorbate, and urate [8]. Metal nanoparticles have also been utilized, for example palladium nanoparticles combined with graphene [9], which were used as a base of electrochemical determination of dopamine whereas a gold nanoparticle/DNA/polymer composite could be used for the simultaneous determination of dopamine, uric acid, guanine, and adenine [10]. Composites of gold nanoparticles with conducting polymers have also been used for the selective determination of dopamine [11]. Boron-doped carbon nanotubes could be used to determine levels of dopamine and ephedrine in the presence of urate [12]. Composites of graphene oxide with Bi 2 S 3 nanorods were used for the electrochemical determination of dopamine [13], and arrays of cylindrical gold nanoelectrodes could be used for both the detection of dopamine an...

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Aptasensor for Detection of Dopamine

et al. 2020

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“…The discovery of aptamers that specifically bind to rat CD4 receptor but not to human CD4 proteins [12,13] initiated high interest in exploring aptamers as therapeutic agents. Aptamers are single stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides [14][15][16] that exert pronounced selectivity as inhibitors of signaling pathways. In contrast to antibodies, aptamers are obtained by in vitro selection and optimization procedures (SELEX: "Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment"); [15,16] they are chemically synthesized and show a number of unique features in the development of bioassays, drug development, and targeted therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to antibodies, aptamers are obtained by in vitro selection and optimization procedures (SELEX: "Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment"); [15,16] they are chemically synthesized and show a number of unique features in the development of bioassays, drug development, and targeted therapy. [15] As "chemical antibodies", aptamers are non-immunogenic and do not interfere with cell viabilities, since they specifically bind and release cells, [13] suggesting high potential for the evaluation of biomarkers. Thus, aptamers may reveal a number of advantages compared to antibodies, such as fast and easy production, high stabilities and high binding strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epitope Determination of Aptamer Complexes of the Multidomain Protein C‐Met by Proteolytic Affinity‐Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2020

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C‐Met protein is a glycosylated receptor tyrosine kinase of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), composed of an α and a β chain. Upon ligand binding, C‐Met transmits intracellular signals by a unique multi‐substrate docking site. C‐Met can be aberrantly activated leading to tumorigenesis and other diseases, and has been recognized as a biomarker in cancer diagnosis. C‐Met aptamers have been recently considered a useful tool for detection of cancer biomarkers. Herein we report a molecular interaction study of human C‐Met expressed in kidney cells with two DNA aptamers of 60 and 64 bases (CLN0003 and CLN0004), obtained using the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) procedure. Epitope peptides of aptamer‐C‐Met complexes were identified by proteolytic affinity‐mass spectrometry in combination with SPR biosensor analysis (PROTEX‐SPR‐MS), using high‐pressure proteolysis for efficient digestion. High affinities (KD, 80–510 nM) were determined for aptamer‐C‐Met complexes, with two‐step binding suggested by kinetic analysis. A linear epitope, C‐Met (381–393) was identified for CLN0004, while the CLN0003 aptamer revealed an assembled epitope comprised of two peptide sequences, C‐Met (524–543) and C‐Met (557–568). Structure modeling of C‐Met‐aptamers were consistent with the identified epitopes. Specificities and affinities were ascertained by SPR analysis of the synthetic epitope peptides. The high affinities of aptamers to C‐Met, and the specific epitopes revealed render them of high interest for cellular diagnostic studies.

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“…However, more selective electrochemical biosensor platforms can be designed by using aptamers that have superior properties to antibodies [16]. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can bind to a wide range of targets with high affinity and selectivity [17]. Aptamers were first discovered in 1990s by using an in vitro selection process called systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor Platform with a Custom‐tailored Aptamer for Diagnosis of Synthetic Cannabinoids

et al. 2020

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Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are the large group of abused drugs and detection of them is still a challenge. Hence, new methods for analysis of SCs are being investigated. We aimed to develop a novel system for selective analysis of SCs. First, various custom‐tailored aptamers against the target SCs were selected through GO‐SELEX process. Toggling between different SC analytes during successive rounds of selection was performed to generate cross‐reactive aptamers. Then, the amino‐capped aptamers were synthesized and easily attached to the cysteamine‐covered gold electrodes. Analytical parameters and selectivity of the aptasensors were compared by using electrochemical techniques. After comparison of the analytical features and selectivity towards target analytes, one of the aptamers designated as Apta‐1 was chosen for further measurements. The aptasensor was tested by using differential pulse voltammetry technique against JWH‐018 (5‐pentanoic acid), selected as a model for SCs. The linearity and limit of detection were determined as 0.01–1.0 ng/mL and 0.036 ng/mL. Finally, sample application in synthetic urine samples was successfully performed with standard addition method, as confirmed by LC‐QTOF/MS. JWH‐018 (4‐hydroxypentyl), JWH‐073 (3‐hydroxybutyl), JWH‐250 (5‐hidroxypentyl) and HU‐210 were used to test the selectivity of the aptasensor and the system was shown to recognize all these SCs. Also other illegal drugs did not significantly interfere with the signal responses.

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Recent Advances in Aptamer Discovery and Applications

Cited by 450 publications

References 173 publications

Electrochemical Aptasensor for Detection of Dopamine

Electrochemical Aptasensor for Detection of Dopamine

Molecular Epitope Determination of Aptamer Complexes of the Multidomain Protein C‐Met by Proteolytic Affinity‐Mass Spectrometry

Sensor Platform with a Custom‐tailored Aptamer for Diagnosis of Synthetic Cannabinoids

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