Recent advances in applications of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C<sup>4</sup>D): an update

Paracetamol is an active ingredient commonly found in pharmaceutical formulations in combination with one of the following compounds: codeine, orphenadrine, promethazine, scopolamine, and tramadol. In this work, we propose a unique analytical method for determination of these active ingredients in pharmaceutical samples. The method is based on capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. The separation was achieved on a fused silica capillary (50 cm total length, 40 cm effective length, and 50 μm id) using an optimized background electrolyte composed of 20 mmol/L β-alanine/4 mmol/L sodium chloride/4 μmol/L sodium hydroxide (pH 9.6). Each sample can be analyzed in a single run (≤2 min) and the limits of detection were 2.5, 0.62, 0.63, 2.5, 15, and 1.6 μmol/L for scopolamine, tramadol, orphenadrine, promethazine, codeine, and paracetamol, respectively. Recovery values for spiked samples were between 94 and 104%.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast determination of codeine, orphenadrine, promethazine, scopolamine, tramadol, and paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations by capillary electrophoresis

Cunha

Ribeiro

Muñoz

et al. 2017

“…CE is a powerful separation technique that has several desirable advantages, such as low cost, minimal reagent and sample consumption (environmentally friendly), high separation efficiency, simple instrumentation, and often provides short analysis time . CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C 4 D) has been widely used for the separation and detection of a large number of compounds .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid method for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and zinc in effervescent tablets by capillary zone electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection

Ribeiro

Prado

Batista

et al. 2019

Ascorbic acid and zinc are essential nutrients that play important roles in nutrition, immune support, and maintenance of health. For this reason, both compounds are widely used as ingredients in dietary supplements. We report, for the first time, an analytical method for fast simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and zinc. A single analysis run is possible every 80 s (45 injections/h). The method is based on capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection using a fused silica capillary with 50 cm length (effective length of 10 cm). The separation was achieved by using a background electrolyte composed by 30 mmol/L of 2‐(morpholin‐4‐yl)ethane‐1‐sulfonic acid and 30 mmol/L of histidine, pH 6.1. The detection limits were 10 and 20 μmol/L and recovery values for spiked samples were 101 and 100% for zinc and ascorbic acid, respectively. The results obtained with the developed procedure were compared to those obtained by titration (ascorbic acid) and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (zinc), and no statistically significant differences were observed (95% confidence level).

“…Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C 4 D) is a universal indirect detector , its signal is generated from the conductivity difference between the analyte and the BGE . CZE has the potential to provide methods for simultaneous determination of inorganic and organic ionizable species, overcoming some limitations of other analytical techniques and adding several advantages, such as high throughput , high separation efficiency , and low reagent consumption .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of ammonium and diphenhydramine in pharmaceutical samples

Costa

Marra

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Ammonium and diphenhydramine are active ingredients commonly found in the same pharmaceutical preparations. We report, for the first time, a sub-minute method for the simultaneous determination of ammonium and diphenhydramine. The method is based on capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Both analytes can be quantified in a single run (∼80 injections/h) using 30 mmol/L 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid and 15 mmol/L lithium hydroxide (pH 6.0) as background electrolyte. The separation by capillary electrophoresis was achieved on a fused-silica capillary (50 cm total length, 10 cm effective length, and 50 μm inside diameter). The limits of detection were 0.04 and 0.02 mmol/L for ammonium and diphenhydramine, respectively. The proposed method also provided adequate recovery values for spiked samples (100-106 and 97-104% for ammonium and diphenhydramine, respectively). The results obtained with the new capillary electrophoresis method were compared with those of the high-performance liquid chromatography method for diphenhydramine and the Kjeldahl method for ammonium and no statistically significant differences were found (95% confidence level).