Recent advances and prospects of carbon dots in cancer nanotheranostics

Jia, Qingyan; Zhao, Ziyu; Liang, Ke; Nan, Fangfang; Li, Ye; Wang, Jian; Ge, Jiechao; Wang, Pengfei

doi:10.1039/c9qm00667b

Cited by 121 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…Carbon dots (CDs) are inspiring increasing attention owing to their superior properties such as unique and tunable luminescence properties, outstanding stability, facile preparation and modification, free of heavy metals, and excellent biocompatibility [1–3] . Consequently, CDs have been demonstrated in many promising applications including sensing, nanomaterials phototheranostics, bioimaging, and optoelectronic devices [4–7] . In the process of preparing CDs, reaction products usually contain mixtures of several CD fractions as well as molecular intermediate and side products, which hampered the analysis of structure and photoluminescent (PL) mechanism of CDs [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study and Comparison on Purification Methods of Multicolor Emission Carbon Dots

Zhou

Ying

Zhu

et al. 2021

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of carbon dots (CDs), due to their outstanding luminescence properties and excellent biocompatibility. However, the internal structure and photoluminescent (PL) mechanism of CDs are still the subject of considerable debate, which is due to the fact that reaction products usually contain mixtures of several CD fractions as well as molecular intermediate and side products. Therefore, careful purification of the CDs is significant for analysis of structure and luminescence mechanism. Here, multicolor emission CDs were prepared by a one‐pot pyrolysis of citric acid in formamide. Then, the precipitation method, dialysis and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) are successively employed to purify the multicolor emission CDs. This post‐treatment allowed us to compare the optical properties of CDs obtained by different separation methods and provide a valuable guidance for the purification of CDs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study and Comparison on Purification Methods of Multicolor Emission Carbon Dots

Zhou

Ying

Zhu

et al. 2021

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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“…Theranostics, the combined efforts of diagnostic imaging and therapeutic intervention in a single system, can achieve simultaneous accurate diagnosis and concurrent in situ effective therapy as well as real‐time monitoring of drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes, representing an attractive approach to accelerate the progression of contemporary personalized and precision medicine [28] . Compared with some of the traditional materials, such as quantum dots (QDs), [29] carbon dots (CDs), [30] and inorganic NPs, [31] AIE‐active theranostic agents possess versatile unique advantages, such as good biosafety, facile processability, easy functionalization, excellent fluorescence properties (e.g., high fluorescence quantum efficiency in aggregates, outstanding photostability, large Stokes shift, real‐time and on‐site activation ability) as well as promoted phototherapies [12] . Moreover, along with the exploration of multifunctional AIE NPs, in which fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging together with photodynamic and photothermal therapies could be achieved simultaneously without the aid of any functional groups, multi‐modality one‐for‐all theranostic systems have been successfully obtained by tailoring AIEgens for optimized multifunctionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation‐enhanced theranostics: AIE sparkles in biomedical field

et al. 2020

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Theranostics referring to the ingenious integration of diagnostics and therapeutics has garnered tremendous attention in these years as it provides a promising opportunity for modern personalized and precision medicine. By virtue of the good biocompatibility, outstanding fluorescence property, easy processability and functionalization, promoted photosensitizing efficiency, as well as facile construction of multi‐modality theranostics, fluorophores with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics exhibit inexhaustible and vigorous vitality in the field of theranostics. Numerous significant breakthroughs and state‐of‐the‐art progression have been witnessed in the past few years. This review highlights the tremendous aggregation‐enhanced superiorities of AIE luminogens (AIEgens) in disease theranostics mainly involving diagnostic imaging (fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence), therapeutic intervention (photodynamic therapy), and feasibility in construction of multi‐modality theranostics based on the experimental measurements and theoretical simulations. Additionally, the latest and advanced developments of AIEgens in disease theranostics in the aspect of corresponding strategies to design highly effective AIE‐active theranostics through triggering aggregation formation are comprehensively summarized. Moreover, a brief conclusion with the discussion of current challenges and future perspectives in this area is further presented.

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“…To address these questions, new generation of Gd-containing nanoprobes, including Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles, Gd-loaded silica nanoparticles, Gd-doped Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and Gd-encapsulated carbon dots (CDs), have been developed to suppress the side-effect caused by the Gd leakage [ 11 ]. Among these nanoparticles, CDs have shown remarkable physicochemical and biological properties, such as simple preparation, unique nanostructures, ease of functionalization, good photostability, low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility and cell membrane permeability [ 12 , 13 ]. Therefore, Gd-encapsulated CDs have been recognized as smart candidates as MRI probes and drug carriers for cancer therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NIR-laser-triggered gadolinium-doped carbon dots for magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery and combined photothermal chemotherapy for triple negative breast cancer

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2021

J Nanobiotechnol

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Background Owing to high genetic diversities of tumor cells and low response rate of standard chemotherapy, patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have short progression-free survivals and poor outcomes, which need to explore an effective approach to improve therapeutic efficacy. Methods Novel gadolinium doped carbon dots (Gd@CDs) have been designed and prepared through hydrothermal method with 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) and gadolinium chloride. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized. Taking advantage of good biocompatibility of Gd@CDs, a nanoplatform based on Gd@CDs has been developed to co-deliver chemotherapy drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) and a near-infrared (NIR) photothermal agent, IR825 for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided photothermal chemotherapy for TNBC. Results The as-synthesized Dox@IR825@Gd@CDs displayed favorable MRI ability in vivo. Upon NIR laser irradiation, Dox@IR825@Gd@CDs could convert the NIR light to heat and efficiently inhibit tumor growth through photothermal chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the impact of photothermal chemotherapy on the murine motor coordination was assessed by rotarod test. Dox@IR825@Gd@CDs presented low toxicity and high photothermal chemotherapy efficiency. Conclusion A noble theranostic nanoplatform (Dox@IR825@Gd@CDs) was developed that could be tailored to achieve loading of Dox and IR825, intracellular delivery, favorable MRI, excellent combination therapy with photothermal therapy and chemotherapy to enhance therapeutic effect against TNBC cells. This study will provide a promising strategy for the development of Gd-based nanomaterials for MRI and combinational therapy for TNBC. Graphic abstract

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Recent advances and prospects of carbon dots in cancer nanotheranostics

Abstract: This review summarizes and discusses the recent advances and future prospects of carbon dots as nanotheranostic agents for anticancer applications.

Cited by 121 publications

References 183 publications

Study and Comparison on Purification Methods of Multicolor Emission Carbon Dots

Study and Comparison on Purification Methods of Multicolor Emission Carbon Dots

Aggregation‐enhanced theranostics: AIE sparkles in biomedical field

NIR-laser-triggered gadolinium-doped carbon dots for magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery and combined photothermal chemotherapy for triple negative breast cancer

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