Recent Advances and Opportunities of Lead-Free Perovskite Nanocrystal for Optoelectronic Application

Abstract

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), as a new class of light-emitting and light-harvesting materials, have recently attracted intensive attention for an impressive variety of optoelectronic applications. However, the lead toxicity and poor stability of such materials severely restrict their practical applications and future commercialization. Lead-free perovskite NCs and their derivatives, designed by the reasonable chemical substitution of Pb with other nontoxic elements, are recently booming as an attractive alternative to lead-based counterparts. In this review, we firstly present a comprehensive overview of currently explored lead-free perovskite NCs with an emphasis on their design routes, morphologies, optoelectronic properties, and environmental stability issues. Then, we discuss the preliminary achievements of lead-free perovskite NCs in versatile optoelectronic applications, such as light-emitting devices, solar cells, photodetectors, and photocatalysis. We finish this review with a critical outlook into the currently existing challenges and possible development opportunities of this rapidly evolving field.

Monodisperse Carbon Nitride Nanosheets as Multifunctional Additives for Efficient and Durable Perovskite Solar Cells

“…62−64 It is noteworthy that while the PTI molecular structure contains intrinsic 12 Å nanopores, these electronegative cavities of the PTI electrostatically suppress the out-diffusion of halides and immobilize organic cations via hydrogen bonding. 31,65 For a quantitative determination of defect densities with and without PTI, we utilized the space charge-limited current (SCLC) technique using electron-only devices of ITO/SnO 2 / perovskite/ [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester/LiF/Au (Figure 4e). 60 Electron trap density (N t ) can be calculated from the following equation…”

“…Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for solar cells, − light-emitting diodes, − transistors, and sensors . Noticeably, metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved rapid, unprecedented advances in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) approaching 25.5% .…”

Gel permeation chromatography process for highly oriented Cs3Cu2I5 nanocrystal film

“…In spite of these advantages, the toxicity of lead and the poor stability at the B site of cesium lead halide perovskite NCs have prevented them from being commercialized 6 – 8 . In recent years, lead-free perovskite-related NCs containing low-toxicity metals such as tin 9 , 10 , bismuth 11 , and antimony 12 have attracted attention as promising light-emitting materials for use in LEDs 13 . However, some challenges still need to be overcome with regard to the use of low-toxicity metals in NCs.…”

Gel Permeation Chromatography Process For Highly Oriented Cs3Cu2I5 Nanocrystal Film

“…In spite of these advantages, the toxicity of lead and the poor stability at the B site of cesium lead halide perovskite NCs have prevented them from being commercialized [6][7][8] . In recent years, lead-free perovskite NCs containing low-toxicity metals such as tin 9,10 , bismuth 11 , and antimony 12 have attracted attention as promising light-emitting materials for use in LEDs 13 . However, some challenges still need to be overcome with regard to the use of low-toxicity metals in perovskite NCs.…”