Recent advancements in the field of flexible/wearable enzyme fuel cells

Flexible Biofuel Cell‐In‐A‐Tube (iezTube): An Entirely Self‐Contained Biofuel Cell for Wearable Green Bio‐energy Harvesting

“…[6] Wearable enzymatic biofuel cells (BFCs) that are on-body and rely on the use of oxidoreductases as the biocatalysts to convert biofuels into electricity have been considered as promising candidates for powering wearable electronic devices since they operate under physiological conditions and harvest bio-energy from the easily available biochemical fluids (e.g., biofluids and commercial drinks). [15,16] Entirely self-contained devices that enable fully functional operation but do not require external accessories are considered to be one of the most ultimate objectives for advanced device design and engineering. [17][18][19][20] By introducing the entirely self-contained concept into the wearable BFCs field, the entirely self-contained wearable BFCs (ESW-BFCs) that contain all necessary components facilitate a complete on-body power generation in daily life but without any bulky external accessories.…”

A composite cathode of biofuel cell based on cross‐linked Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate and platinum nanoparticles

“…Therefore, such EBFCs are of a great interest as a power supply for implantable or wearable biomedical devices. So, EBFCs are advanced devices in this sphere of application [1,2]. The elaborations in this field stimulate scientists to search for new materials and technologies for the electrodes production [3][4][5][6].…”

Enzymatic biofuel cell: A potential power source for self-sustained smart textiles

“…The chemical energy used by EBFCs can be from human body fluids, such as sweat, tears, blood, and saliva. 9 , 10 Abundant biofuels, including glucose and lactate, exist in the body fluids. These biofuels are renewable and contain energy up to 100 W, 11 , 12 , 13 satisfying the energy requirements of low-power consuming bioelectronics (200 μW−1 W).…”