Recent Advancement in Rational Design Modulation of MXene: A Voyage from Environmental Remediation to Energy Conversion and Storage

Abstract

Use of MXenes (Ti 3 C 2 T x ), which belongs to the family of two-dimensional transition metal nitrides and carbides by encompassing unique combination of metallic conductivity and hydrophilicity, is receiving tremendous attention, since its discovery as energy material in 2011. Owing to its precursor selective chemical etching, and unique intrinsic characteristics, the MXene surface properties are further classified into highly chemically active compound, which further produced different surface functional groups i. e., oxygen, fluorine or hydroxyl groups. However, the role of surface functional groups doesn't not only have a significant impact onto its electrochemical and hydrophilic characteristics (i. e., ion adsorption/diffusion), but also imparting a noteworthy effect onto its conductivity, work function, electronic structure and properties. Henceforth, such kind of inherent chemical nature, robust electrochemistry and high hydrophilicity ultimately increasing the MXene application as a most propitious material for [a] A

Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting

“…When structural input is delivered to catalyst surface, a crystalline strain is produced. [174,175] Whenever strong structural energy is given by striking, and a strain is formed, the bond length in a catalyst fluctuates. [176] Another successful approach for regulating crystalline strain is to create a layering crack among the catalysts and medium.…”

“…There are various techniques to induce lattice strain in catalysts, with structural mechanisms having the most promise. When structural input is delivered to catalyst surface, a crystalline strain is produced [174,175] . Whenever strong structural energy is given by striking, and a strain is formed, the bond length in a catalyst fluctuates [176] .…”

“…For this, water has been utilized as a crude content to produce H 2 without producting of greenhouse gases or any polluting gases. [11,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] The ECWS demonstrates two kinds of half-reactions: namely, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode, while that oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. Such kinds of halfreactions need efficient electrocatalysts to improve reaction kinetics.…”

“…Therefore, electrochemical water splitting (ECWS) for H 2 production has drawn huge attention. For this, water has been utilized as a crude content to produce H 2 without producting of greenhouse gases or any polluting gases [11,45–55] . The ECWS demonstrates two kinds of half‐reactions: namely, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode, while that oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode.…”

Facile fabrication of polypyrrole/NiOx core‐shell nanocomposites for hydrogen production from wastewater

“…The combination of conductive polymers and nanostructured materials produces composite materials that are used in a wide range of products, including photocatalysts, biosensors, and fuel production 1–3 . The creation of hydrogen has recently received much interest as a carbon‐free fuel for prospective energy production 4 . Researchers concentrating on the environmentally friendly and renewable generation of H 2 from water have already increased 5 .…”