Recent advance in three-dimensional porous carbon materials for electromagnetic wave absorption

Abstract

With the increasingly serious electromagnetic wave (EMW) pollution, the development of high-performance EMW absorbing materials (EWAMs) has become a hot topic. Carbon-based EWAMs have excellent chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and strong dielectric loss. In particular, three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon-based EWAMs have been widely developed in the EMW absorption field. The 3D porous structure not only reduces the materials' mass density, but also improves the multiple reflections of incident EMWs and impedance matching. The carbon-based EWAMs are thus expected to achieve the goals of low density, low thickness, wide absorption bandwidth, and strong absorption. Herein, we first restated the relevant theoretical basis and evaluation methods. Then, we summarized the recent research progress of 3D porous carbon-based EWAMs with the source of the materials as the main clue. Some unique and novel viewpoints were highlighted. Finally, the challenges and prospects of 3D porous carbon-based EWAMs were put forward, which is helpful for guiding a further development of high-performance EWAMs.

Polyoxometalate-immobilized carbon nanotube constructs triggered by host–guest assembly result in excellent electromagnetic interference shielding

“…8 Further, the advantages of functionalized CNTs include their easy dispersibility in an aqueous solvent, tunability of the functional group, and chemical modification that gives an add-on effect for becoming excellent microwave absorbing materials. 9 Therefore, researchers have developed nanocomposites by mixing CNTs with graphene, MXene, and cellulose nanofillers to get better electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency. [8][9][10][11][12] The selection of MWCNTs is mainly governed by their excellent electron conductivity resulting from highly delocalized π-conjugated electrons and large surface areas.…”

“…9 Therefore, researchers have developed nanocomposites by mixing CNTs with graphene, MXene, and cellulose nanofillers to get better electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency. [8][9][10][11][12] The selection of MWCNTs is mainly governed by their excellent electron conductivity resulting from highly delocalized π-conjugated electrons and large surface areas. However, the brittleness and poor mechanical properties of the freestanding CNT paper in the absence of binders, due to the lack of strong interaction, severely constrain its practical application.…”

“…9 Therefore, researchers have developed nanocomposites by mixing CNTs with graphene, MXene, and cellulose nanofillers to get better electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency. 8–12…”

Comparison of the microwave absorption performance of core–shell SiO2@C and hollow carbon nanospheres with different sizes

“…Among these plentiful materials, carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon black, graphite flakes, carbon fibers and filaments have attracted increasing interest and have caught people's attention due to their unique features such as diverse forms, light weight and tunable electrical conductivity and dielectric properties. 17,[19][20][21][22][23] In addition to composition, structure is another vital factor for improving the absorption performance of microwave absorbers. [24][25][26][27] It has been found that the hollow structure optimizes impedance matching and makes it easier for EMW to enter the absorbers and be dissipated.…”

Biopolymer‐Based Aerogels for Electromagnetic Wave Shielding and Absorbing

“…In order to solve these problems, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials as well as EMW absorbing materials (EWAMs) emerged as the times require and attracted increasing attention. [ 5‐9 ] Although metallic and magnetic materials have displayed impressive performance in the fields of EMW shielding and absorbing, [ 10‐12 ] high density and easy corrosion become the shackles for them to further expand the application area, especially those scenes that are extremely sensitive to weight, such as portable or wearable devices and aerospace equipment.…”