Recent acute reduction in macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections among Japanese children

Abstract

Introduction: Mycoplasma pneumoniae contributes to numerous pneumonia cases among children and young adults. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of M. pneumoniae infections among Japanese children, occurring since 2008. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from all cases, following which real-time PCR was performed to identify M. pneumoniae. Further, the p1 genotypes of isolates were determined using the PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism typing method. Results: The annual rate of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) infections peaked at 81.8% in 2012 and decreased annually until 2015. Although the infection rate increased to 65.3% in 2016, it decreased again to 14.3% in 2018. Although >90% of isolates harbored the type 1 genotype until 2012, this rate decreased, and approximately 80% harbored p1 genotypes other than type 1 in 2018. Furthermore, the occurrence rate of MRMP among the type 1 isolates was very high (82.4%), whereas that among p1 genotypes other than type 1 was very low (6.5%). Conclusions: MRMP occurrence potentially decreased owing to changes in not only antibiotic usage but also in the distribution of p1 genotype among isolates.

Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Children, Ohio, USA

“…In our study, because of the widespread and routine use of testing for M. pneumoniae infections in our institution and affiliated urgent care centers, we were able to include a larger sample size of nonselected patients. The resistance mutations detected in our population are similar to others reported worldwide and confirmed that the A2063G mutation was the most commonly found ( 8 , 10 , 16 , 25 , 26 ). Although it is a novel mutation, a deletion on A2065Δ was detected in 3 isolates, but it did not confer phenotypic resistance to macrolides.…”

Effect of COVID-19 on childhood Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Chengdu, China

“…Although epidemiological studies on M. pneumoniae infection have indicated that epidemics usually occur [11,12], infection incidence in Europe and Asia significantly increased in 2011-2012, 2015, and 2017 [2,9,11,[13][14][15]. Our study retrospectively analyzed the impact of the public health response to COVID-19 on the occurrence of M. pneumoniae infection among children in western China, based on analysis of data from 2017 to 2020.…”

Macrolide-Resistant and Macrolide-Sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children Treated Using Early Corticosteroids

“…In Korea, approximately 60–87% of children have the A2063G mutant [ 10 , 13 , 20 ]. The prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae was reportedly 87% in Japan during 2011 [ 21 ], although other Japanese groups had reported that the prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae has decreased recently in Japan [ 22 ]. In contrast, Korea and China have reported high proportions of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae infections until recently [ 12 , 23 ].…”