Receiver operating characteristic curves and comparison of cardiac surgery risk stratification systems

Vanagas, Giedrius

doi:10.1016/j.icvts.2004.01.008

Cited by 87 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We calculated AUC for the test data set excluded from model generation. We rated models with AUC > 0.70 as having sufficient ability to correctly predict if a song or tone was or was not detected (Vanagas 2004). …”

Section: Modeling Sources Of Variation Influencing Detection Of Soundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally derived detection distances from audio recordings and human observers enable integrated analysis of point count data

Yip¹,

Leston²,

Bayne³

et al. 2017

ACE

105

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ABSTRACT. Point counts are one of the most commonly used methods for assessing bird abundance. Autonomous recording units (ARUs) are increasingly being used as a replacement for human-based point counts. Previous studies have compared the relative benefits of human versus ARU-based point count methods, primarily with the goal of understanding differences in species richness and the abundance of individuals over an unlimited distance. What has not been done is an evaluation of how to standardize these two types of data so that they can be compared in the same analysis, especially when there are differences in the area sampled. We compared detection distances between human observers in the field and four commercially available recording devices (Wildlife Acoustics SM2, SM3, RiverForks, and Zoom H1) by simulating vocalizations of various avian species at different distances and amplitudes. We also investigated the relationship between sound amplitude and detection to simplify ARU calibration. We used these data to calculate correction factors that can be used to standardize detection distances of ARUs relative to each other and human observers. In general, humans in the field could detect sounds at greater distances than an ARU although detectability varied depending on species song characteristics. We provide correction factors for four commonly used ARUs and propose methods for calibrating ARUs relative to each other and human observers. Dérivation expérimentale de distances de détection d'enregistrements audio et d'observateurs humains permettant l'analyse intégrée de points d'écouteRÉSUMÉ. Les points d'écoute sont une des méthodes les plus courantes pour évaluer l'abondance d'oiseaux. Les unités d'enregistrement autonomes (ARU, pour autonomus recording units) sont de plus en plus utilisées pour remplacer les points d'écoute réalisés par des observateurs. Les études antérieures ont comparé les avantages relatifs des dénombrements par point d'écoute faits par des observateurs comparativement à ceux réalisés au moyen d'ARU, principalement pour évaluer les différences de richesse spécifique et d'abondance sur une distance illimitée. Ce qui n'a pas été testé toutefois est comment standardiser ces deux types de données de façon à ce qu'elles soient comparables dans une même analyse, particulièrement lorsqu'il y a des différences d'aire échantillonnée. Nous avons comparé la distance de détection entre des observateurs sur le terrain et quatre enregistreurs commerciaux (Wildlife Acoustics SM2, SM3, RiverForks et Zoom H1), en simulant les vocalisations de diverses espèces aviaires à des distances et des amplitudes variées. Nous avons aussi exploré la relation entre l'amplitude du son et la détectabilité dans le but de simplifier la calibration d'ARU. Nous avons utilisé ces données afin de calculer des facteurs de correction servant à standardiser les distances de détection des ARU entre eux et avec les observateurs. En général, les observateurs sur le terrain pouvaient détecter des sons à des distances plus grandes que ...

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Section: Modeling Sources Of Variation Influencing Detection Of Soundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally derived detection distances from audio recordings and human observers enable integrated analysis of point count data

Yip¹,

Leston²,

Bayne³

et al. 2017

ACE

105

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“…For the screening, we used ROC analysis to evaluate the PLD predictive ability of each physicochemical property (Table 1). As the result, MR was an ideal descriptor for PLD prediction because it displayed the largest AUC (AUC = 0.73348, middle-high co-relationship; Vanagas, 2004).…”

Section: Descriptor Screening For Intermolecular Forcementioning

confidence: 97%

Establishment of an <i>in silico</i> phospholipidosis prediction method using descriptors related to molecular interactions causing phospholipid–compound complex formation

et al. 2016

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-Although phospholipidosis (PLD) often affects drug development, there is no convenient in vitro or in vivo test system for PLD detection. In this study, we developed an in silico PLD prediction method based on the PLD-inducing mechanism. We focused on phospholipid (PL)-compound complex formation, which inhibits PL degradation by phospholipase. Thus, we used some molecular interactions, such as electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and intermolecular forces, between PL and compounds as descriptors. First, we performed descriptor screening for intermolecular force and then developed a new in silico PLD prediction using descriptors related to molecular interactions. Based on the screening, we identified molecular refraction (MR) as a descriptor of intermolecular force. It is known that ClogP and most-basic pKa can be used for PLD prediction. Thereby, we developed an in silico prediction method using ClogP, most-basic pKa, and MR, which were related to hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, and intermolecular forces. In addition, a resampling method was used to determine the cut-off values for each descriptor. We obtained good results for 77 compounds as follows: sensitivity = 95.8%, specificity = 75.9%, and concordance = 88.3%. Although there is a concern regarding false-negative compounds for pKa calculations, this predictive ability will be adequate for PLD screening.In conclusion, the mechanism-based in silico PLD prediction method provided good prediction ability, and this method will be useful for evaluating the potential of drugs to cause PLD, particularly in the early stage of drug development, because this method only requires knowledge of the chemical structure.

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“…However, the method is not without limitations (Halligan et al 2015;Vanagas 2004), and the question of interest is whether or not the method can, or should be, applied outside the clinical environment. Recently, Taylor et al (2012b) compared the utility of changes in saliva osmolality for detecting physiologically (3%) and clinically interesting (6%) instances of dehydration, using 2 analytical approaches.…”

Section: Receiver Operating Characteristic Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards best practice in physical and physiological employment standards

Petersen

Andérson²,

Tipton

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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While the scope of the term physical employment standards is wide, the principal focus of this paper is on standards related to physiological evaluation of readiness for work. Common applications of such employment standards for work are in public safety and emergency response occupations (e.g., police, firefighting, military), and there is an ever-present need to maximize the scientific quality of this research. Historically, most of these occupations are male-dominated, which leads to potential sex bias during physical demands analysis and determining performance thresholds. It is often assumed that older workers advance to positions with lower physical demand. However, this is not always true, which raises concerns about the long-term maintenance of physiological readiness. Traditionally, little attention has been paid to the inevitable margin of uncertainty that exists around cut-scores. Establishing confidence intervals around the cut-score can reduce for this uncertainty. It may also be necessary to consider the effects of practise and biological variability on test scores. Most tests of readiness for work are conducted under near perfect conditions, while many emergency responses take place under far more demanding and unpredictable conditions. The potential impact of protective clothing, respiratory protection, load carriage, environmental conditions, nutrition, fatigue, sensory deprivation, and stress should also be considered when evaluating readiness for work. In this paper, we seek to establish uniformity in terminology in this field, identify key areas of concern, provide recommendations to improve both scientific and professional practice, and identify priorities for future research.Key words: employment standards, human rights, standard setting, cut-scores, reliability, validity.Résumé : La portée de l'expression normes physiques relatives à l'emploi étant vaste, cet article met l'accent sur les normes associées à l'évaluation physiologique de l'aptitude au travail. On utilise généralement ces normes d'emploi dans le domaine de la sécurité publique et des interventions d'urgence (p. ex. policier, pompier, militaire); ceci étant, il est toujours possible d'améliorer la qualité scientifique de ce domaine de recherche. Historiquement, la majorité de ces emplois sont occupés par des hommes, ce qui pourrait inclure un biais lié au sexe lors de l'analyse des exigences physiques et de la fixation des seuils de performance. Il semble acquis que les travailleurs plus âgés occupent au fil du temps des postes moins exigeants physiquement. Toutefois, comme ce n'est pas toujours le cas, le maintien à long terme des aptitudes au travail pourrait s'avérer problématique. Depuis longtemps, on porte peu d'attention à la marge d'incertitude concernant les seuils de coupure. L'établissement d'un intervalle de confiance au seuil de coupure pourrait combler cette incertitude. On devrait possiblement prendre en compte les effets de la pratique et de la variabilité biologique sur les résultats des tests. La plu...

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Receiver operating characteristic curves and comparison of cardiac surgery risk stratification systems

Cited by 87 publications

References 14 publications

Experimentally derived detection distances from audio recordings and human observers enable integrated analysis of point count data

Experimentally derived detection distances from audio recordings and human observers enable integrated analysis of point count data

Establishment of an <i>in silico</i> phospholipidosis prediction method using descriptors related to molecular interactions causing phospholipid–compound complex formation

Towards best practice in physical and physiological employment standards

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