Rebuttal to the Formal Comment on Schorr et al. (2014) submitted by Tyack et al. (2015)

Diving behaviour of Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina

“…Our study confirms that different behavioural states emerge with longer duration tag deployments, including extended surface intervals and diel variations in surface behaviour that are unlikely to be captured by short-term tags [3]. Using a combination of short-term, high-resolution tags along with long-term tag deployments is ideal to capture both low-frequency behavioural states and detailed diving and movement behaviour [19,20]. In addition, previous DTAG and TDR data indicated little individual variation, but longer LIMPET deployments have revealed differences both between and within individuals over time [3].…”

“…These comparisons are limited due to different sample sizes and attachment durations, but we conclude that there are biologically meaningful differences in the diving behaviour of Cuvier's beaked whales in different locations, highlighting the importance of population-specific studies prior to making assessments of behaviour for monitoring or other purposes. In particular, the differences in foraging behaviour (seen in differences in maximum depths, durations and inter-deep dive intervals, as well as the rates of deep foraging dives) between locations may indicate differences in prey type, density or behaviour [3,19,20]. Future studies including estimations of prey type and density and incorporating bathymetry and local oceanography could help tease apart these differences.…”

“…The few species of beaked whales for which detailed dive records exist (Cuvier's beaked whales ( Ziphius cavirostris ), Blainville's beaked whales ( Mesoplodon densirostris ) and northern bottlenose whales ( Hyperoodon ampullatus )) exhibit a stereotypic diving pattern, consisting of a single deep foraging dive (routinely deeper than 1000 m), followed by a series of relatively shallow dives [2,4,16–18]. The longest (137.5 min) and deepest (2992 m) dives of any mammal were recorded from Cuvier's beaked whales ( Z. cavirostris ) off southern California [3], although it is possible that these animals were exposed to Navy sonar during those deployments [3,19,20]. Echolocation clicks used in foraging are produced only below 200 m; whales are typically silent during shallow dives [1,21–23].…”

Synchronization in delayed multiplex networks

“…Additionally, the multiplexing leads to a transition from a quasi-periodic or the chaotic evolution to a periodic evolution as well as it may lead to a change in the periodicity. This analysis can be further extended to get a better understanding of various dynamical processes in real-world systems, such as controlling congestion in the multiplex transport networks [18] as well as the occurrence of different diseases such as epileptic seizure by representing brain as delayed multiplex networks [38,39].…”

Thin-film solar cells: crystallography from A to Z

“…Especially neutron diffraction can provide valuable results, because it allows the differentiation electronical similar elements. The presentation will give an overview of our structural studies [3][4][5][6][7] of off stoichiometric chalcopyrite type and kesterite type compound semiconductors and will demonstrate the advantages of neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction.…”