Rebalancing the Oral Microbiota as an Efficient Tool in Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders

Abstract

: The current treatment and prevention of oral disorders follow a very sectoral control and procedures considering mouth and its structures as system completely independent from the rest of the body. The main therapeutic approach is carried out on just to keep the levels of oral bacteria and hygiene in an acceptable range compatible with one-way vision of oral-mouth health completely separated from a systemic microbial homeostasis (eubiosis vs dysbiosis). This can negatively impact on the diagnosis of more complex systemic disease and its progression. Dysbiosis is consequence of oral and gut microbiota unbalance with consequences, as reported in current literature, in cardio vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Likewise, there is the need to highlight and develop a novel philosophical approach in the treatments for oral diseases that will necessarily involve non-conventional approaches.

Potential beneficial role of probiotics on the outcome of COVID-19 patients: An evolving perspective

“…The administration of multilayered probiotics ( L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. delbrueckii , B. longum, B. infantis , B. breve, S. salivarius ) to children admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe sepsis resulted and was useful to increase anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-ß1, IL-10) and the decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-a, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-17) [ 14 , 29 , 51 ]. The administration of more than twenty probiotics has demonstrated to improved anti-inflammatory interleukins levels and anti-viral antibodies production, reducing the viral load [ [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] ]. For instance, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp.…”

40 Years of Helicobacter pylori: A Revolution in Biomedical Thought

“…Therefore, if the population of one genus of microbes decreases or increases, it can affect populations of other genera by disrupting the overall balance of the intestinal microbiota and both innate and acquired immunity. An immune system acts in the gut mucosa (gut-associated lymphoid tissue, GALT), whose function is induced by the intestinal microbiota through antigenic stimuli, influencing both cellular and chemical stimulation of innate immunity (80% of B lymphocytes are detected in the gut) [123,124]. It has been noted that during H. pylori infection, there is an increase in the facultative pathogen Haemophilus spp., but there is also a decrease in the genera Parasutterella and Pseudoflavonifractor (important producers of SCFAs (Short-chain fatty acids) that modulate the immune response through regulatory T cells).…”

“…In addition, an abundance in Bacteroides and Prevotella was noted. This condition can lead to an imbalance of the three cross-talking axes, causing global imbalance of the body's homeostasis [124][125][126][127][128].…”

The human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection

“…Generally, the probiotics fight the spread of pathogens, strengthen normal flora, and contribute to the creation of a strong immune system, creating a healthy environment that encourages healing and recovery in a natural way, and this may be useful as an adjuvant therapy in SARS-CoV-2 infection. At last, to modulate an active immune response we expect to have a safe and effective vaccine and a specific therapy for COVID-19 as soon as possible [72,[76][77][78][79][80][81].…”