Reassortant Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H5N6) Virus in Laos

Wong, Frank; Phommachanh, Phouvong; Kalpravidh, Wantanee; Chanthavisouk, Chitsavang; Gilbert, John E.; Bingham, John; Davies, Kelly R.; Cooke, Julie; Eagles, Debbie; Phiphakhavong, Sithong; Shan, Shiguang; Stevens, Vittoria; Williams, David T.; Bounma, Phachone; Khambounheuang, Bounkhouang; Morrissy, Chris; Douangngeun, Bounlom; Morzaria, S.P.

doi:10.3201/eid2103.141488

Cited by 94 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similar pulmonary changes in humans could be presented with vastly different clinical effects. The six human patients infected with H5N6 viruses were presented with fever and severe pneumonia and developed septic shock and ARDS; three of them died several days after the onset of illness (8,13). Therefore, emergent avian H5N6 viruses, while showing less severe pathogenicity than HPAI H5N1 virus in the ferret model, can still cause severe if not fatal disease in infected humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent surveillance data from the Ministry of Agriculture of China indicate that H5N6 viruses have become enzootic in domestic poultry. Unlike the worldwide distribution H5N2 and H5N8 viruses (10)(11)(12), prevailing H5N6 viruses appear to be largely confined to China and Laos (13). We recently characterized the novel H5N6 viruses in poultry (14); however, their zoonotic capability and characteristics are poorly understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N6 Viruses Exhibit Enhanced Affinity for Human Type Sialic Acid Receptor and In-Contact Transmission in Model Ferrets

Sun

Wei

et al. 2016

J Virol

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Since May 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 virus has been reported to cause six severe human infections three of which were fatal. The biological properties of this subtype, in particular its relative pathogenicity and transmissibility in mammals, are not known. We characterized the virus receptor-binding affinity, pathogenicity, and transmissibility in mice and ferrets of four H5N6 isolates derived from waterfowl in China from 2013-2014. All four H5N6 viruses have acquired a binding affinity for human-like SA␣2,6Gal-linked receptor to be able to attach to human tracheal epithelial and alveolar cells. The emergent H5N6 viruses, which share high sequence similarity with the human isolate A/Guangzhou/39715/2014 (H5N6), were fully infective and highly transmissible by direct contact in ferrets but showed less-severe pathogenicity than the parental H5N1 virus. The present results highlight the threat of emergent H5N6 viruses to poultry and human health and the need to closely track their continual adaptation in humans. O n 7 May 2014, the Chinese National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) announced the first human case of avian H5N6 influenza virus infection (1). Subsequently, three more human infections with H5N6 virus cases were reported in the winter of 2014-2015 (2, 3). Between 30 December 2015 and 2 January 2016, the NHFPC notified the World Health Organization of two additional human cases of avian H5N6 virus infection. All six human infections were presented as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of which three were fatal. Five cases had a common history of contact with or exposure to poultry or livebird markets before disease onset (1-3), suggesting zoonotic transmission. Sequence analyses of the human H5N6 isolates indicated that the virus was derived from clade 2.3.4.4 avian H5N6 viruses that are circulating in poultry in China (1, 2, 4). Avian H5N6 influenza virus was first isolated from mallards in North America in 1975 (5). In China, H5N6 virus first emerged in 2010 and has since been extensively circulating in both domestic and wild birds (6-9). Recent surveillance data from the Ministry of Agriculture of China indicate that H5N6 viruses have become enzootic in domestic poultry. Unlike the worldwide distribution H5N2 and H5N8 viruses (10-12), prevailing H5N6 viruses appear to be largely confined to China and Laos (13). We recently characterized the novel H5N6 viruses in poultry (14); however, their zoonotic capability and characteristics are poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the emergent H5N6 virus for its genetic characteristics, receptor binding properties, pathogenicity, and transmissibility in mice and ferrets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethical

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N6 Viruses Exhibit Enhanced Affinity for Human Type Sialic Acid Receptor and In-Contact Transmission in Model Ferrets

Sun

Wei

et al. 2016

J Virol

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“…In 2014, H5N6 virus outbreaks in Laos (starting 13 March 2014), Vietnam (starting 13 April 2014) and China (starting 23 April 2014) resulted in the death and culling of .97 000 fowl (OIE, 2014;Wong et al, 2015). In the present study, the two Jiangxi H5N6 viruses were isolated from dead chickens and the others were from apparently healthy birds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Two novel reassortants of avian influenza A (H5N6) virus in China

Shi

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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“…Viruses from this clade 2.3.2.1 probably spread through wild birds to several Asian countries in 2008 and to Europe in 2010 (28). Since 2008, subclade 2.3.4.4 has reassorted with multiple neuraminidase subtypes to form widely circulating H5N2, H5N3, H5N5, H5N6, and H5N8 subtypes of HPAI viruses (22,(29)(30)(31)(32). In early 2014, outbreaks of a reassortant H5N8 HPAI virus were reported in South Korea in poultry and wild aquatic birds (33), with migratory aquatic birds strongly suspected in playing a key role in the spread of the virus (23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and Transmission of H5 and H7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Mallards

Pantin‐Jackwood

Costa-Hurtado

Shepherd

et al. 2016

J Virol

102

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IMPORTANCEThe spread of H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the Gs/GD lineage by migratory waterfowl is a serious concern for animal and public health. H5 and H7 HPAI viruses are considered to be adapted to gallinaceous species (chickens, turkeys, quail, etc.) and less likely to infect and transmit in wild ducks. In order to understand why this is different with certain Gs/GD lineage H5 HPAI viruses, we compared the pathogenicity and transmission of several H5 and H7 HPAI viruses from previous poultry outbreaks to Gs/GD lineage H5 viruses, including H5N1 (clade 2.2), H5N8 and H5N2 (clade 2.3.4.4) viruses, in mallards as a representative wild duck species. Surprisingly, most HPAI viruses examined in this study replicated well and transmitted among mallards; however, the three Gs/GD lineage H5 HPAI viruses replicated to higher titers, which could explain the transmission of these viruses in susceptible wild duck populations.

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Reassortant Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H5N6) Virus in Laos

Cited by 94 publications

References 12 publications

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N6 Viruses Exhibit Enhanced Affinity for Human Type Sialic Acid Receptor and In-Contact Transmission in Model Ferrets

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N6 Viruses Exhibit Enhanced Affinity for Human Type Sialic Acid Receptor and In-Contact Transmission in Model Ferrets

Two novel reassortants of avian influenza A (H5N6) virus in China

Pathogenicity and Transmission of H5 and H7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Mallards

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