Reassessment of high prevalence human adenovirus detections among residents of two refugee centers in Kenya under surveillance for acute respiratory infections

Wu, Xinwei; Lu, Xiaoyan; Schneider, Eileen; Ahmed, Jamal; Njenga, M. Kariuki; Breiman, Robert F.; Eidex, Rachel B.; Erdman, Dean D.

doi:10.1002/jmv.25320

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…In this study HAdV-B16 accounts for 5.6% of positive HAdVs samples. HAdV-B16 was first isolated from a patient with conjunctivitis in Saudi Arabia in 1955 ( 22 ). HAdV-E4 included 2.8% of positive HAd-Vs samples in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic characterization of rhinovirus and adenovirus in hospitalized children aged ≤ 18 years with severe acute respiratory infection in Iran

Abbasi¹,

Shafiei-Jandaghi²,

Shadab³

et al. 2023

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are among the most prevalent viruses in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). This study aimed to evaluate the molecular characterization of HRV and HAdV in hospitalized patients with SARI, who aged ≤ 18 years in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: To detect these two viruses, a conventional nested RT-PCR (Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) assay was performed on 264 throat swabs collected from December 2018 to March 2019. The epidemiological data were analyzed and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Results: Of 264 cases with SARI, 36 (13.6%) and 28 (10.6%) were positive for HAdV and HRV respectively. Of 21 HRV sequenced samples, HRV-A (42.9%), HRV-B (9.5%) and HRV-C (47.6%) and of 36 HAdV sequenced samples, HAdV-C6 (38.9%), HAdV-B7 (22.2%), HAdV-B3 (11.1%), HAdV-B16 (5.6%), HAdV-C5 (13.9%), HAdV-C57 (5.6%), HAdV-E4 (2.8%); were detected in children with SARI. Some viral genotypes appeared to cause more severe disease, which may lead to hospitalization. Conclusion: Large-scale studies are recommended to investigate the epidemiology and molecular characterizations through surveillance networks to provide useful information on etiology, seasonality, and demographic associations in patients with SARI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic characterization of rhinovirus and adenovirus in hospitalized children aged ≤ 18 years with severe acute respiratory infection in Iran

Abbasi¹,

Shafiei-Jandaghi²,

Shadab³

et al. 2023

IJM

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“…Refugee camps are vulnerable to infections, fostered by antibiotic resistance, poor hygiene, malnutrition, and limited medical services (Nellums et al 2018;Schwartz and Morris 2018). African and Asian refugee camps are rife with cholera (Golicha et al 2018) and respiratory viruses (Wu et al 2019). Asylum seekers in Germany had severalfold more antibiotic resistance genes than native controls, including two genes absent from controls (Häsler et al 2018).…”

Section: Migrations From Drought and Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exposome in Human Evolution: From Dust to Diesel

Trumble¹,

Finch²

2019

The Quarterly Review of Biology

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Global exposures to air pollution and cigarette smoke are novel in human evolutionary history and are associated with about 16 million premature deaths per year. We investigate the history of the human exposome for relationships between novel environmental toxins and genetic changes during human evolution in six phases. Phase I: With increased walking on savannas, early human ancestors inhaled crustal dust, fecal aerosols, and spores; carrion scavenging introduced new infectious pathogens. Phase II: Domestic fire exposed early Homo to novel toxins from smoke and cooking. Phases III and IV: Neolithic to preindustrial Homo sapiens incurred infectious pathogens from domestic animals and dense communities with limited sanitation. Phase V: Industrialization introduced novel toxins from fossil fuels, industrial chemicals, and tobacco at the same time infectious pathogens were diminishing. Thereby, pathogen-driven causes of mortality were replaced by chronic diseases driven by sterile inflammogens, exogenous and endogenous. Phase VI: Considers future health during global warming with increased air pollution and infections. We hypothesize that adaptation to some ancient toxins persists in genetic variations associated with inflammation and longevity.

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“…HAdV-C is excreted in the feces of people with asymptomatic infection (Vetter et al, 2015) and with symptoms of gastroenteritis (La Rosa et al, 2015). This species is mainly associated with acute respiratory infection in children (Esposito et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2019), but its role in gastroenteritis cannot be ruled out (La Rosa et al, 2015). Infection of the upper respiratory tract by adenovirus results in its excretion in the feces (Roy et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia coli, Species C Human Adenovirus, and Enterovirus in Water Samples Consumed in Rural Areas of Goiás, Brazil

et al. 2021

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Rural environments lack basic sanitation services. Facilities for obtaining water and disposing sewage are often under the initiative of each resident, who may not be able to build and maintain them properly. Thus, water for human consumption is subject to fecal contamination and, consequently, the presence of waterborne pathogens, such as enteric viruses. This study evaluated fecal contamination of water samples from individual sources used for domestic water supply on small farms in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Samples were collected from 78 houses whose water sources were tubular wells, dug wells, springs, and surface waters. Escherichia coli (EC) bacteria, analyzed by the defined chromogenic substrate method, was used as a traditional indicator of fecal contamination. The enteric viruses Human mastadenovirus (HAdV) and Enterovirus (EV), analyzed by qPCR, were tested as complementary indicators of fecal contamination. At least one of these markers was found in 89.7% of the samples. Detection rates were 79.5% for EC, 52.6% for HAdV, and 5.1% for EV. The average concentration for EC was 8.82 × 10 1 most probable number (MPN) per 100 mL, while for HAdV and EV the concentrations were 7.51 × 10 5 and 1.89 × 10 6 genomic copies (GC) per liter, respectively. EC was the most frequent marker in ground and surface water samples. HAdV was detected significantly more frequently in groundwater than in surface water and was more efficient in indicating contamination in tubular wells. There was no association of frequencies or correlation of concentrations between EC and HAdV. HAdV indicated human fecal contamination and performed well as a complementary indicator. The results reveal that a large part of the analyzed population is vulnerable to waterborne diseases caused by enteric pathogens.

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Reassessment of high prevalence human adenovirus detections among residents of two refugee centers in Kenya under surveillance for acute respiratory infections

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Phylogenetic characterization of rhinovirus and adenovirus in hospitalized children aged ≤ 18 years with severe acute respiratory infection in Iran

Phylogenetic characterization of rhinovirus and adenovirus in hospitalized children aged ≤ 18 years with severe acute respiratory infection in Iran

The Exposome in Human Evolution: From Dust to Diesel

Escherichia coli, Species C Human Adenovirus, and Enterovirus in Water Samples Consumed in Rural Areas of Goiás, Brazil

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