Reasoning on the Autism Spectrum

Brosnan, Mark; Ashwin, Chris

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102223-1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…Autistic individuals are often not impaired in explicit social cognition, but are reportedly impaired on implicit social cognition (Callenmark et al 2014; see also Dewey 1991; Frith and Happé 1999). This profile is also reflected in non-social cognition such as reasoning (Brosnan et al 2016, 2017; Lewton et al 2018) which may be better characterised as impaired processing of automatic, cognitively efficient heuristics (Brosnan and Ashwin 2018; Happé et al 2017). Explicit social cognition is therefore a more pertinent measure of the potential to consider the impact of crime upon others.…”

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confidence: 99%

Is There a Relationship Between Cyber-Dependent Crime, Autistic-Like Traits and Autism?

Payne

Russell

Mills

et al. 2019

J Autism Dev Disord

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International law enforcement agencies have reported an apparent preponderance of autistic individuals amongst perpetrators of cyber-dependent crimes, such as hacking or spreading malware (Ledingham and Mills in Adv Autism 1:1–10, 2015). However, no empirical evidence exists to support such a relationship. This is the first study to empirically explore potential relationships between cyber-dependent crime and autism, autistic-like traits, explicit social cognition and perceived interpersonal support. Participants were 290 internet users, 23 of whom self-reported being autistic, who completed an anonymous online survey. Increased risk of committing cyber-dependent crime was associated with higher autistic-like traits. A diagnosis of autism was associated with a decreased risk of committing cyber-dependent crime. Around 40% of the association between autistic-like traits and cyber-dependent crime was mediated by advanced digital skills.

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confidence: 99%

Is There a Relationship Between Cyber-Dependent Crime, Autistic-Like Traits and Autism?

Payne

Russell

Mills

et al. 2019

J Autism Dev Disord

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Habits and Autism: Restricted, Repetitive Patterns of Behaviour and Thinking in Autism

Russell

Brosnan

2018

The Psychology of Habit

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Leo Kanner, a child psychiatrist among the first to describe autism, noted in his observations of autistic children in 1973 that: 'they had in common a combination of extreme aloneness from the beginning of life and an anxiously obsessive desire for the preservation of sameness. They were described by their parents as "living in a world of their own"; they were little routine addicts, living in a world in which nobody other than themselves was allowed to make any changes so far as their daily lives were concerned'.Autism (also called Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD, or Asperger syndrome) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting around 1-2% of the population, and is present from the early years of life and affecting an individual across the lifespan. Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by impairments in two domains: (1) Social communication and interaction; and (2) Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2013). It has been included in modern classification systems for more than 40 years (since DSM-III APA, 1987) and an expanding field of research has sought to understand this enigmatic condition. Although there are two clinical domains that characterise autism, less than 10% of research has taken the restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities domain as its focus (Kasari & Lawton, 2010), despite carers and professionals describing this as the most difficult set of symptoms to manage (

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Syllogistic reasoning reveals reduced bias in people with higher autistic-like traits from the general population

Lewton

Ashwin

Brosnan

2018

Autism

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Holyoak and Morrison (2012) argue that 'Every fully functioning human adult shares a sense that the ability to think, to reason, is a part of their fundamental identity' (p. 1). When thinking and reasoning, humans have a propensity to base many of their judgements on prior beliefs and experiences, rather than utilising a more logical and complete approach to reasoning (see Evans and Stanovich, 2013). Although it is assumed that judgements based on beliefs and experiences are suboptimal compared to a more reflective and analytic approach, both modes of reasoning have been found to be more effective under different circumstances (see for review Dijkstra et al., 2013). When considering human reasoning, dual process theory proposes both intuitive 'Type 1' and deliberative 'Type 2' processing, which has been a dominant model within cognitive psychology for over 50 years (Evans and Frankish, 2009). Type 1, also known as intuitive, processing is autonomous and typically involves rapid, effortless, parallel, non-conscious processing that is independent of working memory and general cognitive ability. On the other hand, Type 2, also known as deliberative, processing involves slower, effortful, sequential and conscious processing and is heavily dependent on working memory and is related to individual differences in general cognitive ability (

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Reasoning on the Autism Spectrum

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Is There a Relationship Between Cyber-Dependent Crime, Autistic-Like Traits and Autism?

Is There a Relationship Between Cyber-Dependent Crime, Autistic-Like Traits and Autism?

Habits and Autism: Restricted, Repetitive Patterns of Behaviour and Thinking in Autism

Syllogistic reasoning reveals reduced bias in people with higher autistic-like traits from the general population

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