Rearrangement of mitochondrial tRNA genes in flat bugs (Hemiptera: Aradidae)

Abstract

The typical insect mitochondrial (mt) genome organization, which contains a single chromosome with 37 genes, was found in the infraorder Pentatomomorpha (suborder Heteroptera). The arrangement of mt genes in these true bugs is usually the same as the ancestral mt gene arrangement of insects. Rearrangement of transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, however, has been found in two subfamilies of flat bugs (Mezirinae and Calisiinae, family Aradidae). In this study, we sequenced the complete mt genomes of four species from three other subfamilies (Aradinae, Carventinae and Aneurinae). We found tRNA gene rearrangement in all of these four species. All of the rearranged tRNA genes are located between the mitochondrial control region and cox1, indicating this region as a hotspot for gene rearrangement in flat bugs; the rearrangement is likely caused by events of tandem duplication and random deletion of genes. Furthermore, our phylogenetic and dating analyses indicated that the swap of positions between trnQ and trnI occurred ~162 million years ago (MYA) in the most recent common ancestor of the five subfamilies of flat bugs investigated to date, whereas the swap of positions between trnC and trnW occurred later in the lineage leading to Calisiinae, and the translocation of trnC and trnY occurred later than 134 MYA in the lineage leading to Aradinae.

Higher‐level phylogeny and evolutionary history of Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences

“…The mitochondrial genomes of Aradoidea (seven species) all differed from D. yakuba with three types being represented (see Fig. ; Song et al ., ): (i) swap of positions between trnQ and trnI (GO1); (ii) swap of positions between trnQ and trnI and between trnC and trnW (GO2); and (iii) swap of positions between trnQ and trnI and translocation of trnC and trnY (GO3). All species of Pyrrhocoroidea also differed from D. yakuba with the swap of positions between trnT and trnP (GO4).…”

“…By contrast, Hua et al () analysed mitochondrial genome sequences of 13 species and recovered Lygaeoidea as the closest relative of Coreoidea, a result also obtained by Weirauch et al (). Furthermore, a sister relationship between Lygaeoidea and Pyrrhocoroidea was supported by analyses using a concatenated dataset of 21 nuclear and mitochondrial loci from 28 species (Li et al ., ) and sequences of mitochondrial genomes under site‐heterogeneous models (Song et al ., ; Li et al ., ; Yang et al ., ). These conflicting topologies may be the result of using different strategies for taxon sampling, different types of data and different phylogenetic methods (e.g.…”

The first complete mitochondrial genome of Dacus longicornis (Diptera: Tephritidae) using next-generation sequencing and mitochondrial genome phylogeny of Dacini tribe

“…Furthermore, the region near tRNA Ile contained another 22 bp poly-A stretch. Both repeated sequences and poly stretches are common in the control region for most insects2526, and these motifs may function during processing of the replication and transcription.…”

Complete mitochondrial genomes of two flat-backed millipedes by next-generation sequencing (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

“…In addition to the sequences of mitochondrial genes, the secondary structures of RNAs as well as the mitochondrial gene order have been explored in a phylogenetic context (Boore 1999; Carapelli et al 2004; Chen et al 2011; Song et al 2016). As in most other arthropods, myriapod (mt)mitochondrial genomes are a single circular DNA molecule encoding 13 proteins, 22 (tRNAs)transfer RNAs , two (rRNAs)ribosomal RNAs , and one A+T-rich region involved in the control of mtDNA replication and transcription.…”