Higher‐level phylogeny and evolutionary history of Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences

Abstract

The higher‐level phylogeny of Pentatomomorpha, the second largest infraorder of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), which includes many important agriculture and forestry pests, has been debated for decades. To investigate the phylogeny and evolutionary history of Pentatomomorpha, we assembled new mitochondrial genomes for 46 species through next‐generation sequencing of pooled genomic DNA. Based on a much broader taxon sampling than available previously, Bayesian analyses using a site‐heterogeneous mixture model (CAT+GTR) resolved the higher‐level phylogeny of Pentatomomorpha as (Aradoidea + (Pentatomoidea + (Coreoidea + (Lygaeoidea + Pyrrhocoroidea)))). There was a transition from trnT/trnP to trnP/trnT in the common ancestor of Pyrrhocoroidea, which indicates that this gene rearrangement could be an autapomorphy for Pyrrhocoroidea. Divergence time analyses estimated that Pentatomomorpha originated c. 242 Ma in the Middle Triassic, and most of the recognized superfamilies originated during the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. The diversification of families within Pentatomomorpha largely coincided with the radiation of angiosperms during the Early Cretaceous.

The Phylogenetic Implications of the Mitochondrial Genomes of Macropsis notata and Oncopsis nigrofasciata

“…With advancements in bioinformatics and sequencing technologies, the mitogenome is being widely used in the molecular, evolutionary, phylogenetic, and population genetic studies of insects (Li et al, 2017;Song et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2018Liu et al, , 2019Song et al, 2019). The mitogenome of leafhoppers is a typical circular, double-stranded DNA molecule, about 14.5-17 kb in length; it contains 37 typical mitochondrial genes (13 protein coding, 22 transfer RNA, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes), and a long non-coding region (control region) (Cameron, 2014;Wang et al, 2015Wang et al, , 2018Wu et al, 2016;Zhou et al, 2016;Yu et al, 2017).…”

Phylogeny of the stink bug tribe Chlorocorini (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) based on DNA and morphological data: the evolution of key phenotypic traits

“…While the position of the Pentatomidae was secondarily explored in studies focusing on other pentatomoids (e.g. Wu et al 2016;Liu et al 2019), our knowledge about the lineages that compose the family and the relationships among them remain elusive. Even less is known about the evolution of anatomical and behavioral characteristics mentioned above.…”

“…The availability of molecular data for species of Pentatomidae has increased during recent years; however, taxon sampling is extremely biased towards Asian and European species (e.g. Yuan et al 2015;Wu et al 2016;Liu et al 2019). Establishing phylogenetic relationships for the pentatomid fauna of the New World is considered paramount for developing a more accurate classification for the family, and for better understanding the evolution of stink bugs.…”

Scanning the Hyocephalidae: details of their external morphology with respect to phylogenetic relationships within Eutrichophora (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

“…Coreoidea + Pyrrhocoroidea + Lygaeoidea (e.g. XIE et al 2005;LI et al 2016a;ZHAO et al 2018;WANG et al 2016WANG et al , 2019LIU et al 2018LIU et al , 2019. However, the relationships within Eutrichophora remain obscure, and three competing hypotheses have been suggested:…”