Rearrangement of immunoglobulin light chain genes in the chicken occurs prior to colonization of the embryonic bursa of Fabricius.

Mansikka, A; Sandberg, M; Lassila, O.; Toivanen, Paavo

doi:10.1073/pnas.87.23.9416

Cited by 67 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Although the bursal microenvironment is not required for Ig gene rearrangement (7,8) or expression (9, 10), B-lineage-committed precursor cells migrate in a single wave to the bursal primordium during embryonic life (11,12). Those precursors that undergo productive Ig gene rearrangement migrate across the basement membrane and form follicles of rapidly dividing cells (13,14), termed epithelial buds, and it is from these cells that the entire B cell compartment of the bird is derived.…”

Section: Perinatal Deletion Of B Cells Expressing Surface Ig Moleculementioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Deletion of B Cells Expressing Surface Ig Molecules That Lack V(D)J-Encoded Determinants in the Bursa of Fabricius Is Not Due to Intrafollicular Competition

Sayegh

Ratcliffe

2000

The Journal of Immunology

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During embryonic development, the avian bursa of Fabricius selects B cell precursors that have undergone productive V(D)J recombination for expansion in oligoclonal follicles. During this expansion, Ig diversity is generated by gene conversion. We have used retroviral gene transfer in vivo to introduce surface Ig molecules that lack V(D)J-encoded determinants into B cell precursors. This truncated μ heavy chain supports both B cell expansion within embryo bursal lymphoid follicles and gene conversion. We show that individual follicles can be colonized exclusively by cells expressing the truncated μ chain and lacking endogenous surface IgM, ruling out a requirement for V(D)J-encoded determinants in the establishment of bursal lymphoid follicles. In striking contrast to their normal development in the embryo, bursal cells expressing the truncated μ-chain exhibit reduced rates of cell division and increased levels of apoptosis after hatching. The level of apoptosis in individual follicles reflects the proportion of cells within the follicle that express the truncated μ-chain. In particular, high levels of apoptosis are associated with follicles containing exclusively cells expressing the truncated μ receptor. Thus, apoptotic elimination of such cells is not due to competition within the follicle by cells expressing endogenous surface IgM receptors. This provides the first direct demonstration that the regulation of B cell development in the avian bursa after hatching differs fundamentally from that seen in the embryo. The requirement for intact IgM expression when the bursa is exposed to exogenous Ag implicates a role for Ag in avian B cell development after hatching.

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Section: Perinatal Deletion Of B Cells Expressing Surface Ig Moleculementioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Deletion of B Cells Expressing Surface Ig Molecules That Lack V(D)J-Encoded Determinants in the Bursa of Fabricius Is Not Due to Intrafollicular Competition

Sayegh

Ratcliffe

2000

The Journal of Immunology

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“…In chickens, and perhaps all birds, this occurs when B lymphocytes formed in embryonic hematopoietic tissues migrate to the hindgut organ known as the bursa of Fabricius (1)(2)(3). In mice and humans, B cell lymphogenesis occurs in fetal liver and thereafter in bone marrow (BM) throughout life.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Repertoire Development in Fetal and Neonatal Piglets. XX. B Cell Lymphogenesis Is Absent in the Ileal Peyer’s Patches, Their Repertoire Development Is Antigen Dependent, and They Are Not Required for B Cell Maintenance

Butler

Santiago-Mateo

Sun

et al. 2011

The Journal of Immunology

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The continuous ileal Peyer’s patches (IPP) of sheep are regarded as a type of mammalian bursal equivalent where B cells diversify their repertoire in an Ag-independent fashion. Anatomically and developmentally similar IPP occur in swine. Resection of ∼90% of the IPP in piglets at birth did not alter Ig levels in serum and secretions or retard diversification of the Ab repertoire when animals were maintained in isolators and colonized with a defined gut flora. Resection or sham surgery elevated IgG and IgA in serum and in lavage fluid from the gut, lung, and in saliva. No changes in the frequency of IgG-, IgA-, and IgM-containing cells in the spleen and peripheral lymph node were observed. Using an index that quantifies diversification of the VDJ repertoire, no differences were seen in three secondary lymphoid tissues between piglets lacking IPP and colonized controls, whereas both groups displayed >10-fold greater diversification than did late-term fetal piglets or piglets maintained germ-free. Somatic hypermutation was very low in fetal IPP and the IPP of germ-free piglets but increased 3- to 5-fold after colonization. D–J signal joint circles were not recovered in IPP, and V–DJ signal joint circles were 5-fold lower than in bone marrow and similar to those in thymus and spleen. We conclude that the porcine IPP are not a site of B cell lymphogenesis, do not undergo Ag-independent repertoire diversification, and are not primary lymphoid tissue since they are not required for maintenance of Ig levels in serum and secretions.

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“…However, the bursa seems not to be essential for the Ig gene rearrangements, which occur before bursal colonization in committed B-cell precursors [2,3]. During the maturation process most of the developing bursal cells die by apoptosis [4][5][6] and only a minority of the daily bursal B-cell production survives to finally emigrate into the periphery [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of chL12 Surface Antigen is Associated with Cell Survival in the Avian Bursa of Fabricius

Lampisuo

Liippo

et al. 1998

Scand J Immunol

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Lampisuo M, Arstila TP, Liippo J, Lassila O. Expression of chL12 Surface Antigen is Associated with Cell Survival in the Avian Bursa of Fabricius. Scand J Immunol 1998;47:223-228 During B-cell development in the avian bursa of Fabricius most of the developing B cells die by apoptosis and only a minority survive to emigrate into the periphery. Recently, it has been shown that when developing bursal cells become mature and ready to migrate they start to express chL12 antigen. The expression of this cell-surface molecule was found to be associated with the survival of the bursal cells both after in vitro culture and after in vivo cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment. The frequency of early apoptotic cells in freshly isolated bursal cells was found to be high. The high susceptibility of these cells to apoptosis is in line with the finding of low bcl-2 mRNA expression. We conclude that expression of avian chL12 antigen is associated with the survival of bursal cells.

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Rearrangement of immunoglobulin light chain genes in the chicken occurs prior to colonization of the embryonic bursa of Fabricius.

Cited by 67 publications

References 32 publications

Perinatal Deletion of B Cells Expressing Surface Ig Molecules That Lack V(D)J-Encoded Determinants in the Bursa of Fabricius Is Not Due to Intrafollicular Competition

Perinatal Deletion of B Cells Expressing Surface Ig Molecules That Lack V(D)J-Encoded Determinants in the Bursa of Fabricius Is Not Due to Intrafollicular Competition

Antibody Repertoire Development in Fetal and Neonatal Piglets. XX. B Cell Lymphogenesis Is Absent in the Ileal Peyer’s Patches, Their Repertoire Development Is Antigen Dependent, and They Are Not Required for B Cell Maintenance

Expression of chL12 Surface Antigen is Associated with Cell Survival in the Avian Bursa of Fabricius

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