Rearrangement of cells in storeyed cambium of Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) DC connected with formation of interlocked grain in the xylem

Abstract

The history of cellular events in the storeyed cambium of Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) DC was analysed on the basis of changes in the cell arrangement in successive layers and strata of axial parenchyma in the xylem. The mechanism of formation of the regular interlocked grain was investigated. Inclination of fusiform cells changes intensively whereas height and position of storeys in the successive layers of axial parenchyma are constant. As a result, new contacts between cells are formed by means of the intrusive growth of ends of cells belonging to one storey between the tangential walls of cells of the neighbouring storey and unequal periclinal divisions, which give a new shape to the initials. The concept of intrusive growth between the radial walls of the fusiform initials in the formation of xylem with interlocked grain should be revised on this basis.

Readjustments of cambial initials in Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC. for development of storeyed structure

“…The majority of these tree genera belong to the families Caesalpinaceae, Papilionaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Meliaceae and Sterculiaceae (Carlquist, 1988). The storeyed cell arrangement has an ability to bring about a fast and cyclic change of inclination in the fusiform cambial cells of the successive layers, thus paving the way for the formation of interlocked grain in wood (Harris, 1989; Kojs et al ., 2004). The interlocked grain improves the mechanical strength of the trunk.…”

“…, 1971; Butterfield, 1972; Cumbie, 1984) and that the extent of such growth, if at all, is exceedingly limited (Hejnowicz & Zagórska–Marek, 1974; Włoch & Zagórska–Marek, 1982; Włoch & Bilczewska, 1987; Romberger et al. , 1993; Włoch & Połap, 1994; Larson, 1994; Kojs et al. , 2004).…”

“… Schematic drawings of a fusiform initial of storeyed cambium showing its normal shape (tetradekahedron) and different surfaces and edges: periclinal and anticlinal cell divisions, as seen in the radial, transverse and tangential sections, are shown in (a). Apices of the fusiform initials may elongate through intrusive growth of an apical radial edge (b), and/or a para‐apical tangential edge (c), as enunciated by Wloch (1976) and Kojs et al . (2004).…”

Flavonoid profile, anthocyanin, carotenoid, sugar and vitamin compositions of Lonchocarpus sericeus seeds

“…It is used in the treatment of epilepsy, laxative, to stimulate appetite and to treat stomach disorder in Africa. It also has common application in treatment convulsions and back aches (Kojs et al, 2004;Fontenele et al, 2005;Ezeagu and Gowda). Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, saponins, carotenoids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes and steroids have been detected in the methanol extracts of the stem bark, seeds and root (Musa et al, 2006) but anthocyanin, vitamins and carotenoids which have been shown to be hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, free radical scanvengers have not been reported (Lohachoompo et al, 2004;Kelebek et al, 2009;Okiei et al, 2009;Afify et al, 2012).…”

“…It is frequently planted in villages as a shade tree and in gardens and commentaries. The wood is clear yellow, sometimes marbled, with heart-wood and olive-green (Kojs et al, 2004;Musa et al, 2006;Adewuyi et al, 2012). The bark strips easily and is a good source of fiber.…”