Revisiting the anatomy of the monocot cambium, a novel meristem

Jura‐Morawiec, Joanna; Oskolski, Alexei A.; Simpson, Philip

doi:10.1007/s00425-021-03654-9

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…With regard to "modern" samples from dragon trees, they were most likely related to either dead branches or recent extensions of the trunk. While 14 C measurements on olive trees [56] and African baobabs [57] have shown that those woody species do not necessarily maintain growth over the stem perimeter, Dracaena-type wood is produced towards the inside by a lateral meristem; hence, the innermost tissues are assumed to be the oldest [8,11,58]. Since two samples collected from the outside of dragon trees ("Exterior" in Table 2) suggested ages >300 years, it is, however, plausible that certain parts of the stem stop growing, either because of damage to the lateral meristem or for yet unknown physiological reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longevity Estimates of Canary Palms and Dragon Trees via Radiocarbon Dating: Initial Results

Biondi,

Santos,

Rodríguez

et al. 2023

Plants

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Correctly estimating the maximum lifespan of plant species is a necessary component of demographic and life-history studies, which, in turn, are needed for understanding climatic impacts. Arboreal monocotyledons, which can grow to >30 m in height and >5 m in trunk perimeter, are difficult to age because they do not undergo seasonal dormancy; hence, their longevity has been estimated using various size-related methods. In this study, we tested radiocarbon (14C) dating with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) as an additional tool for determining the age of two iconic monocotyledons: the Canary Island palm and the dragon tree. A total of 25 samples were collected from the basal stem of four palms and five dragon trees on Gran Canaria and Tenerife and then processed using the most advanced 14C-AMS analysis available. Calibration curves provided by the “IntCal group” were used to determine the oldest possible age of each sample, and 16 of them were found to be “modern”, i.e., formed after the 1950s. Nine samples that were either collected from exterior, but lignified, palm tissues or from interior, and lignified, dragon tree tissues suggested ages > 300 years. Given the constant improvement of 14C-AMS tools, they can contribute to the further refinement of existing scientific knowledge on Macaronesian charismatic megaflora.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longevity Estimates of Canary Palms and Dragon Trees via Radiocarbon Dating: Initial Results

Biondi,

Santos,

Rodríguez

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…It seems that a protracted war exists between D. cochinchinensis and wound stress in natural conditions, and few studies have focused on the defense responses of plants over a long timeframe. Unlike other tree-like plants, Dracaena species do not have cambium, and they live and grow as trees depending on a couple of thin layers of vascular cells between the outer cortex and the inner middle pith [ 43 ]. They grow very slowly, and they lack competitiveness compared to the other plants in the same environment [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses Reveal Defensive Responses and Flavonoid Biosynthesis of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen under Wound Stress in Natural Conditions

et al. 2022

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Dracaena cochinchinensis has special defensive reactions against wound stress. Under wound stress, D. cochinchinensis generates a resin that is an important medicine known as dragon’s blood. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the defensive reactions is unclear. Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were performed on stems of D. cochinchinensis at different timepoints from the short term to the long term after wounding. According to the 378 identified compounds, wound-induced secondary metabolic processes exhibited three-phase characteristics: short term (0–5 days), middle term (10 days–3 months), and long term (6–17 months). The wound-induced transcriptome profile exhibited characteristics of four stages: within 24 h, 1–5 days, 10–30 days, and long term. The metabolic regulation in response to wound stress mainly involved the TCA cycle, glycolysis, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylalanine biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis, along with some signal transduction pathways, which were all well connected. Flavonoid biosynthesis and modification were the main reactions against wound stress, mainly comprising 109 flavonoid metabolites and 93 wound-induced genes. A group of 21 genes encoding CHS, CHI, DFR, PPO, OMT, LAR, GST, and MYBs were closely related to loureirin B and loureirin C. Wound-induced responses at the metabolome and transcriptome level exhibited phase characteristics. Complex responses containing primary metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis are involved in the defense mechanism against wound stress in natural conditions, and flavonoid biosynthesis and modification are the main strategies of D. cochinchinensis in the long-term responses to wound stress.

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“…In plants that lack a secondary meristem (i.e., VC) as in the case of the majority of monocots, the "meristematic connectome" can still be active even though not involved in secondary growth. This may also be in those non-conventional monocots such as those in order Asparagales that possess an unusual lateral meristem (i.e., not homologous with the VC) but which is nevertheless responsible for secondary growth [66]. We highlight below a number of morphological and functional similarities common to components of the "meristematic connectome".…”

Section: Meristematic Connectome and The Coordination Of Plant Response To Mechanical Stressesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Meristematic Connectome: A Cellular Coordinator of Plant Responses to Environmental Signals?

Chiatante

Montagnoli

Trupiano

et al. 2021

Cells

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Mechanical stress in tree roots induces the production of reaction wood (RW) and the formation of new branch roots, both functioning to avoid anchorage failure and limb damage. The vascular cambium (VC) is the factor responsible for the onset of these responses as shown by their occurrence when all primary tissues and the root tips are removed. The data presented confirm that the VC is able to evaluate both the direction and magnitude of the mechanical forces experienced before coordinating the most fitting responses along the root axis whenever and wherever these are necessary. The coordination of these responses requires intense crosstalk between meristematic cells of the VC which may be very distant from the place where the mechanical stress is first detected. Signaling could be facilitated through plasmodesmata between meristematic cells. The mechanism of RW production also seems to be well conserved in the stem and this fact suggests that the VC could behave as a single structure spread along the plant body axis as a means to control the relationship between the plant and its environment. The observation that there are numerous morphological and functional similarities between different meristems and that some important regulatory mechanisms of meristem activity, such as homeostasis, are common to several meristems, supports the hypothesis that not only the VC but all apical, primary and secondary meristems present in the plant body behave as a single interconnected structure. We propose to name this structure “meristematic connectome” given the possibility that the sequence of meristems from root apex to shoot apex could represent a pluricellular network that facilitates long-distance signaling in the plant body. The possibility that the “meristematic connectome” could act as a single structure active in adjusting the plant body to its surrounding environment throughout the life of a plant is now proposed.

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Revisiting the anatomy of the monocot cambium, a novel meristem

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Longevity Estimates of Canary Palms and Dragon Trees via Radiocarbon Dating: Initial Results

Longevity Estimates of Canary Palms and Dragon Trees via Radiocarbon Dating: Initial Results

Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses Reveal Defensive Responses and Flavonoid Biosynthesis of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen under Wound Stress in Natural Conditions

Meristematic Connectome: A Cellular Coordinator of Plant Responses to Environmental Signals?

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