Rearing Zebrafish on Black Soldier Fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>): Biometric, Histological, Spectroscopic, Biochemical, and Molecular Implications

Vargas, Arturo; Randazzo, Basilio; Riolo, Paola; Truzzi, Cristina; Gioacchini, Giorgia; Giorgini, Elisabetta; Loreto, Nino; Ruschioni, Sara; Zarantoniello, Matteo; Antonucci, Matteo; Polverini, Sara; Cardinaletti, Gloriana; Sabbatini, Simona; Tulli, Francesca; Olivotto, Ike

doi:10.1089/zeb.2017.1559

Cited by 57 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…In particular, Truzzi et al (2020) 9 demonstrated that the addition of a 10% (w/w) of Schizochytrium sp. to the growth substrate was an efficient method to enrich BSF final biomass in terms of PUFAs and to increase, with respect to previous studies on zebrafish, the BSF meal inclusion level in the fish diets without affecting fish welfare 21,29,33 . However, the potential of these enriched BSF prepupae as alternative feed ingredient for fish was evaluated only during the fish larval stage 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…significantly increased insects' PUFAs content. With respect to previous studies carried out on zebrafish 21,29 , this enriching procedure allows to include up to 50% of BSF meal in the fish diet without impairing fish physiology, and hence represents a remarkable example of sustainable circular economy. Zebrafish represents an ideal organism to better understand fish physiological responses to new ingredients 30 and an emerging useful model organism for neuroscience/behavioural research 31 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Zarantoniello

Randazzo

Gioacchini

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Black Soldier Fly (BSF) meal is considered as an alternative, emerging and sustainable ingredient for aquafeed production. However, results on fish physiological responses are still fragmentary and often controversial, while no studies are available on fish behavior in response to these new diets. The present work represents the first comprehensive multidisciplinary study aimed to investigate zebrafish physiological and behavioural responses to BSF-based diets. Five experimental diets characterized by increasing inclusion levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respect to fish meal) of full fat BSF prepupae meal were tested during a 2-months feeding trial. Prepupae were cultured on coffee silverskin growth substrate enriched with a 10% Schizochytrium sp. to improve insects' fatty acids profile. The responses of zebrafish were assayed through biometric, histological, gas chromatographic, microbiological, spectroscopic, molecular and behavioural analyses. Results evidenced that BSF-based diets affected fish fatty acid composition, while behavioural tests did not show differences among groups. Specifically, a 50% BSF inclusion level diet represented the best compromise between ingredient sustainability and proper fish growth and welfare. Fish fed with higher BSF inclusions (75 and 100%) showed hepatic steatosis, microbiota modification, higher lipid content, fatty acid modification and higher expression of immune response markers. The promotion of high-quality fish production as well as fish welfare are the main aquaculture goals, both strictly related to an adequate fish nutrition 1. The use of fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) in aquafeed formulation is no more feasible because of important environmental and economic issues 2. Over the last decades, several alternative ingredients (plant origin proteins, microalgae and processed animal proteins) to FM and FO have been tested 3. However, each of these ingredients showed some disadvantages in its application in aquafeed formulation including unbalanced amino acid profile, poor protein digestibility, presence of anti-nutritional factors and high production costs 3,4. Insects are now considered as an alternative and sustainable ingredient for feed production 5. In particular, the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens; BSF) larvae are one of the most promising candidates because of their proper protein content and the amino acid composition similar to that of FM 6,7. In addition, BSF have low environmental requirements, a high feed conversion efficiency and they can growth on organic by-products, promoting sustainability and the circular economy concept in the aquaculture sector 8,9. Several studies tested different BSF inclusion levels in aquafeed formulation but results on fish physiological responses are still controversial, while behavioural effects on fish are completely missing 10-13. The use of BSF in aquafeed has been shown, at certain inclusion levels,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Zarantoniello

Randazzo

Gioacchini

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Importantly, without defatting, it is not easy to use HF larvae in a marine-fish diet and obtain appropriate crude protein and lipid composition, since HF larvae have an excess of crude lipids (20-35%, dry matter) and markedly different fatty acid profiles than feeds made from wild fish. The fatty acid profile in black-soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) was reported to affect lipid composition and accumulation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) [44,45]. Eliminating the hydrophobic faction is, therefore, an important first step in the development of HF larva-based feeds for marine-fish aquaculture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housefly (Musca domestica) Larvae Preparations after Removing the Hydrophobic Fraction Are Effective Alternatives to Fish Meal in Aquaculture Feed for Red Seabream (Pagrus major)

Hashizume

Ido

Ohta

et al. 2019

Fishes

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Insects are an attractive alternative to fish meal (FM) as a sustainable protein source in aquaculture feed that does not negatively impact the marine ecosystem. Despite housefly (Musca domestica) larvae having adequacy of amino acid profiles, they have sometimes been reported to be inferior to FM, especially for marine carnivorous fish species. Here, we report that the removal of the hydrophobic fractions from housefly larvae enables significant replacement of FM in the diet of the red seabream (Pagrus major). In a feeding trial, housefly (HF) larvae that had the hydrophobic fraction removed as a complete substitution for 70% FM produced satisfactory growth. However, HF larvae that were supplemented with the hydrophobic fraction resulted in significant growth reduction. Growth recovery was incomplete by supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to undefatted HF larvae, being equivalent to that of fatty acid content with a control diet. Moreover, fish with a dietary intake of catechol identified from the hydrophobic fraction of the HF showed growth reduction and morphological alterations in the intestine. Our findings indicate that the hydrophobic fraction from HF larvae contains a negative factor for fish growth and eliminating the fraction from HF larvae is thought to be an important process for sustainable aquaculture.

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“…In the last two decades, studies on insect application in fish nutrition have continuously developed in terms of experimental data for new species, forms, and technologies of preparation of insect-derived feed materials (Tschirner et al, 2017;Gasco et al, 2019c). Insects were tested in the diet of farmed fish (Józefiak et al, 2019a;Józefiak et al, 2019b), ornamental species (Vargas-Abúndez et al, 2019), laboratory fish models (Vargas et al, 2018) as well as aquatic invertebrates (Motte et al, 2019). They are part of feeding practice in ornamental (James, 2019) fish feeding, as well as other aquatic and semiaquatic pets (Rawski et al 2018).…”

Section: Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Fat in Animal Nutrition – A Review

Benzertiha

Kierończyk

Rawski

et al. 2020

Annals of Animal Science

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The aim of this review is to discuss the usage of insect fats as an energy source in animal nutrition. Insects are a rich carrier of proteins, fat, and minerals. They are successfully introduced in animal diets (poultry, swine, rabbits, fish, and pets) as a source of many nutrients, including energy and essential fatty acids (FAs). The insects’ fat content and quality are highly affected by the type of substrate provided to the insects during the rearing period. The majority of the studies have shown that insect fats may be used as promising substitutes for conventional energy resources in animal nutrition without adverse effects on growth performance and feed utilization. They can positively affect meat quality by increasing the level of long-chain polyunsaturated FAs but may also positively influence animals by regulating the gut microbiota and stimulating the immune system. In conclusion, insect fat supplementation showed promising results in terms of their application in animal nutrition. However, compared to insect protein application, very few studies have been performed on insect fats. Therefore, because of the fat quality and content of insects, there is a need to extend experimentation regarding their implementation in animals’ diets as a replacement for conventional dietary energy resources.

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Rearing Zebrafish on Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens): Biometric, Histological, Spectroscopic, Biochemical, and Molecular Implications

Cited by 57 publications

References 84 publications

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) physiological and behavioural responses to insect-based diets: a multidisciplinary approach

Housefly (Musca domestica) Larvae Preparations after Removing the Hydrophobic Fraction Are Effective Alternatives to Fish Meal in Aquaculture Feed for Red Seabream (Pagrus major)

Insect Fat in Animal Nutrition – A Review

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