Insect Fat in Animal Nutrition – A Review

Benzertiha, Abdelbasset; Kierończyk, Bartosz; Rawski, Mateusz; Mikołajczak, Zuzanna; Urbański, Arkadiusz; Nogowski, Leszek; Józefiak, Damian

doi:10.2478/aoas-2020-0076

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Compared to the use of insect protein, not enough research has been conducted on the use of fat [ 40 ]. Therefore, due to the quality and high fat content of insect larvae, there is a need for increased experimentation to study their application in animal feed rations, as a replacement for traditional dietary energy resources and functional supplements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) Fat on Health and Productivity Performance of Dairy Cows

Некрасов

Ivanov²,

Чабаев

et al. 2022

Animals

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Due to the intensive development of technologies for obtaining protein, energy feed and biologically active supplements from insects, the feasibility and effectiveness of introducing these products into the rations of farm animals require further study. This research aims to study the possibility and effects of feeding dairy cows fat from the larvae of the black soldier fly (BSFLF). The composition and properties of the BSFLF have been studied. The research of the fatty acid composition of BSFLF showed a high content of saturated fatty acids, including 58.9% lauric acid. The experiment was performed on black-and-white cows at the beginning of lactation (control, D0 (n = 12) vs. experimental D10 (n = 12) and D100 (n = 12) groups, 10 and 100 g/head/day BSFLF, respectively. There was no negative effect of BSFLF feeding on the process of feed digestion. The pH of the rumen content decreased (6.80 ± 0.07 & 6.85 ± 0.09 vs. 7.16 ± 0.06, p < 0.05), with an increase in the number of infusoria (0.27 ± 0.03&0.37 ± 0.09 vs. 0.18 ± 0.03 g/100 mL, p = 0.16); there was an increase in the concentration of VFA in the rumen content of animals of the experimental groups by 2.1 (p < 0.05) and 3.81 (p < 0.01) (8.66 ± 0.46 & 10.37 ± 0.42 vs. 6.56 ± 0.29) mmol/100 mL. The average daily milk yield of Group D10 cows over the experimental period (d17–d177) was slightly higher than the control (by 4.9%, p = 0.24 vs. Group D0). At the same time, Group D100 cows showed a significant increase in natural-fat milk compared to controls (by 8.0%, p < 0.05 vs. Group D0) over the same experiment period. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the milk of the experimental animals showed some changes in the fatty acid composition of milk under the influence of BSFLF feeding; these changes were especially noticeable in Group D10. Thus, it was found that feeding dairy cows BSFLF at different dosages leads to better indicators of pre-gastric digestion and productivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) Fat on Health and Productivity Performance of Dairy Cows

Некрасов

Ivanov²,

Чабаев

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Lipid levels usually fluctuate between 10% and 30% DM ( Nogales-Mérida et al, 2018 ; Gasco et al, 2020a ), but can be reduced to 9%–5% DM by defatting processes. Moreover, depending on the species and rearing material, IM presents a variable fatty acid profile, which can be modulated through the diets of the insects to meet the needs of a particular fish species ( Barroso et al, 2014 ; Liland et al, 2017 ; Nogales-Mérida et al, 2018 ; Danieli et al, 2019 ; Benzertiha et al, 2020 ; Gasco et al, 2020b ; Hoc et al, 2021 ; Pulido et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Modulation of the European Sea Bass Gut Microbiota by Distinct Insect Meals

et al. 2022

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The aquaculture industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors in animal food production. However, farming of carnivorous fish strongly relies on the use of wild fish-based meals, a practice that is environmentally and economically unsustainable. Insect-based diets constitute a strong candidate for fishmeal substitution, due to their high nutritional value and low environmental footprint. Nevertheless, data on the impact of insect meal (IM) on the gut microbiome of farmed fish are so far inconclusive, and very scarce in what concerns modulation of microbial-mediated functions. Here we use high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR to evaluate the impact of different IMs on the composition and chitinolytic potential of the European sea bass gut digesta- and mucosa-associated communities. Our results show that insect-based diets of distinct origins differently impact the gut microbiota of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We detected clear modulatory effects of IM on the gut microbiota, which were more pronounced in the digesta, where communities differed considerably among the diets tested. Major community shifts were associated with the use of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens, HM) and pupal exuviae (HEM) feeds and were characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of the Firmicutes families Bacillaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae and the Actinobacteria family Actinomycetaceae, which all include taxa considered beneficial for fish health. Modulation of the digesta community by HEM was characterized by a sharp increase in Paenibacillus and a decrease of several Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidota members. In turn, a mealworm larvae-based diet (Tenebrio molitor, TM) had only a modest impact on microbiota composition. Further, using quantitative PCR, we demonstrate that shifts induced by HEM were accompanied by an increase in copy number of chitinase ChiA-encoding genes, predominantly originating from Paenibacillus species with effective chitinolytic activity. Our study reveals an HEM-driven increase in chitin-degrading taxa and associated chitinolytic activity, uncovering potential benefits of adopting exuviae-supplemented diets, a waste product of insect rearing, as a functional ingredient.

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“…Insect fat as an energy source used in animal nutrition was broadly summarized by Benzertiha et al (2020). To date, alternative and sustainable feed materials have already been implemented in poultry (e.g., broiler chickens, turkeys, and laying hens) (Cullere et al, 2019;Sypniewski et al, 2020;Kierończyk et al, 2020;Heuel et al, 2021), fish (Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Cyprinus carpio) (Belghit et al, 2018;Li et al, 2016;Dumas et al, 2018), pig (Heugten et al, 2019), rat (Mentang et al, 2011), and rabbit (Dalle Gasco et al, 2019) diets with an analogous conclusion that it is possible to efficiently replace commonly used dietary fats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hermetia illucens fat affects the gastrointestinal tract selected microbial populations, their activity, and the immune status of broiler chickens

Kierończyk

Rawski

Mikołajczak

et al. 2022

Annals of Animal Science

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The present study investigated the effect of Hermetia illucens larvae (BSFL) fat, derived using supercritical CO2 extraction and added to broiler chickens’ diets as a partial (50%) or total replacement for commonly used soybean oil, on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbial population, its activity, and selected physiological and immune traits. A total of 576 one-dayold female Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 16 replicates each. The following treatments were applied: SO – 100% soybean oil, BSFL50 – a mixture of BSFL and soybean oils in a 50:50 ratio, and BSFL100 – 100% BSFL fat. Digesta samples from the crop, jejunum and ceca were collected for further analyses, i.e., pH measurements, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. Additionally, the selected plasma biochemical parameters and immunological traits were assessed. In general, the implementation of BSFL fat in broilers’ diets resulted in increased proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacterial populations in the crop, such as Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides – Prevotella cluster, and Clostridium perfringens. Furthermore, BSFL100 enhanced microbial activity via total SCFA production and lowered the pH in this segment. However, no detrimental effects were observed in terms of other GIT segments, i.e., the jejunal and cecal microecosystems. The strongest impact on reduction of select components of the microbial population in the cecum was observed with the BSFL50 treatment for potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides – Prevotella cluster, while commensal populations were also limited, i.e., Bacillus spp., C. leptum subgroup, and C. coccoides – Eubacterium rectale cluster. Additionally, BSFL100 reduced the cholesterol concentration in the blood, while both experimental treatments decreased the ALT level. In conclusion, due to the insufficient release of lauric acid from the BSFL fat in the crop, an adverse shift in the microbiota can be noted. However, a positive suppressive effect on the select components of the cecal microbiota, as well as improvement of liver health suggests implying the BSFL fat in broiler nutrition.

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Insect Fat in Animal Nutrition – A Review

Cited by 38 publications

References 98 publications

Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) Fat on Health and Productivity Performance of Dairy Cows

Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) Fat on Health and Productivity Performance of Dairy Cows

Differential Modulation of the European Sea Bass Gut Microbiota by Distinct Insect Meals

Hermetia illucens fat affects the gastrointestinal tract selected microbial populations, their activity, and the immune status of broiler chickens

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