Abstract:The "fog of war" is almost universally the military rationale for an inability to achieve intended outcomes without incurring unintended consequences. This so-called explanation all too often extends into other aspects of government activity, especially public administration. Chalmers Johnson's conception of collateral damage followed by blowback-that we reap what we sow-provides a more extensive and inclusive understanding of the relationship between intended and unintended actions of martial and other forms … Show more
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