Realized and potential larval connectivity in the Southern California Bight

Watson, James R.; Mitarai, Satoshi; Siegel, David A.; Caselle, Jennifer E.; Dong, Changming; McWilliams, James C.

doi:10.3354/meps08376

Cited by 154 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…3). When connectivity matrices are calculated via particle tracking in hydrodynamic models, the probabilities account for processes (physical and sometimes behavioral) influencing larval movement and successful settlement, but they may or may not include larval mortality or spatially variable egg production (Pineda et al 2007, Watson et al 2010. When connectivity matrices are quantified from field studies, as in the studies we reviewed, the probabilities necessarily include egg production, transport (physical and behavioral), larval mortality, and settlement, as well as typically including any early post-settlement mortality that occurred before sampling or counting by the researcher.…”

Section: The Connectivity Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond connectivity: how empirical methods can quantify population persistence to improve marine protected‐area design

Burgess

Nickols

Griesemer

et al. 2014

Ecological Applications

200

297

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Abstract. Demographic connectivity is a fundamental process influencing the dynamics and persistence of spatially structured populations. Consequently, quantifying connectivity is essential for properly designing networks of protected areas so that they achieve their core ecological objective of maintaining population persistence. Recently, many empirical studies in marine systems have provided essential, and historically challenging to obtain, data on patterns of larval dispersal and export from marine protected areas (MPAs). Here, we review the empirical studies that have directly quantified the origins and destinations of individual larvae and assess those studies' relevance to the theory of population persistence and MPA design objectives. We found that empirical studies often do not measure or present quantities that are relevant to assessing population persistence, even though most studies were motivated or contextualized by MPA applications. Persistence of spatial populations, like nonspatial populations, depends on replacement, whether individuals reproduce enough in their lifetime to replace themselves. In spatial populations, one needs to account for the effect of larval dispersal on future recruitment back to the local population through local retention and other connectivity pathways. The most commonly reported descriptor of larval dispersal was the fraction of recruitment from local origin (self-recruitment). Self-recruitment does not inform persistence-based MPA design because it is a fraction of those arriving, not a fraction of those leaving (local retention), so contains no information on replacement. Some studies presented connectivity matrices, which can inform assessments of persistence with additional knowledge of survival and fecundity after recruitment. Some studies collected data in addition to larval dispersal that could inform assessments of population persistence but which were not presented in that way. We describe how three pieces of empirical information are needed to fully describe population persistence in a network of MPAs: (1) lifetime fecundity, (2) the proportion of larvae that are locally retained (or the full connectivity matrix), and (3) survival rate after recruitment. We conclude by linking theory and data to provide detailed guidance to empiricists and practitioners on field sampling design and data presentation that better informs the MPA objective of population persistence.

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Section: The Connectivity Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond connectivity: how empirical methods can quantify population persistence to improve marine protected‐area design

Burgess

Nickols

Griesemer

et al. 2014

Ecological Applications

200

297

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Potential larval connectivity is quantified as the probability that water parcels released at a source site are found within a destination site at the end of their PLD. This calculation of the site-to-destination probabilities defines potential larval connectivity (28). Potential larval dispersal kernels are calculated for three species: sheephead, kelp bass, and kelp rockfish.…”

Section: Application To the Southern California Bightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use these to illustrate how poorly management can perform under the incorrect assumption that larvae are dispersed according to a Gaussian kernel or a common larval pool. Kernels 1-8 are derived from the output of a high-spatial resolution (1 km) circulation model (26) that advects surfacefollowing larvae from source to destination locations given the plankton larval duration (PLD) and the spawning season for the species in question (27,28). We generated output from this model for 7 years (1996-2002) so we used the dispersal kernel for each individual year and the average dispersal across all years as our eight alternatives.…”

Section: Application To the Southern California Bightmentioning

confidence: 99%

The value of spatial information in MPA network design

Costello¹,

Rassweiler

Siegel

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The science of spatial fisheries management, which combines ecology, oceanography, and economics, has matured significantly. As a result, there have been recent advances in exploiting spatially explicit data to develop spatially explicit management policies, such as networks of marine protected areas (MPAs). However, when data are sparse, spatially explicit policies become less viable, and we must instead rely on blunt policies such as total allowable catches or imprecisely configured networks of MPAs. Therefore, spatial information has the potential to change management approaches and thus has value. We develop a general framework within which to analyze the value of information for spatial fisheries management and apply that framework to several US Pacific coast fisheries. We find that improved spatial information can increase fishery value significantly (>10% in our simulations), and that it changes dramatically the efficient management approach-switching from diffuse effort everywhere to a strategy where fishing is spatially targeted, with some areas under intensive harvest and others closed to fishing. Using all available information, even when incomplete, is essential to management success and may as much as double fishery value relative to using (admittedly incorrect) assumptions commonly invoked.dispersal kernel | fisheries management | value of information S patially explicit policies are increasingly used for conservation and management of marine resources. Broad patterns of resource decline, increasing conflicts in coastal zones among competing users, and pressures from a complex set of human impacts are some of the reasons policy makers are turning to spatial management as an evolving paradigm for ocean policy (1, 2).A substantial body of literature indicates that spatial management can improve marine resource management. For example, siting a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) in strategic spatial locations can simultaneously enhance both the yields and profits of a fishery and improve ecosystem service provision (3-7). Other prominent examples include ocean zoning for various activities, ecosystem-based management, and the use of spatial concessions or territorial user rights in fisheries (TURFs) management. Several studies have documented the benefits arising from more explicit spatial management (2,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)13), although concerns about whether spatial management approaches increase or maintain fisheries catches still remain (e.g., refs. 14 and 15).Achieving benefits from spatial management policies requires spatial information. For example, designing effective MPA networks requires spatial information on habitat, species distributions, larval, juvenile, and adult movements and source-sink dynamics of larval production and recruitment (7,(16)(17)(18). These data are often scarce and costly to obtain. The questions of which sources of uncertainty may be reduced cost effectively, and what management approaches are more robust to remaining uncertainties are fundamentally important in t...

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“…In recent years, computer-based biophysical modelling techniques have been developed and applied to a number of fish and invertebrate species to clarify larval transport mechanisms in open ocean, shelf and inshore ecosystems (Cowen et al, 2006;North et al, 2008;Kitagawa et al, 2010;Watson et al, 2010). Among these, coupling of Lagrangian particle-tracking Individual-Based Models (IBMs) and 3D hydrodynamic models have been used to model the transport of small pelagic fish eggs and larvae, and squid paralarvae (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The São Paulo shelf (SE Brazil) as a nursery ground for Doryteuthis plei (Blainville, 1823) (Cephalopoda, Loliginidae) paralarvae: a Lagrangian particle-tracking Individual-Based Model approach

2013

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2014The São Paulo shelf (SE Brazil) as a nursery ground for Doryteuthis plei (Blainville, 1823) (Cephalopoda, Loliginidae) paralarvae: a Lagrangian particle-tracking individual-based model approach Hydrobiologia, Cham, v. 725, p. 57-68, 2014 Abstract The São Paulo shelf ranges from *23°S to 25°S, comprising nearly 622 km of shoreline. This region sustains historical landings of the tropical arrow squid Doryteuthis plei. As in other coleoid cephalopods, the broodstock dies following spawning and the continuance of the population relies exclusively upon the survival of the paralarvae, which are very sensitive to oceanographic conditions. As a first step towards the understanding of paralarval transport, the shelf area was evaluated in terms of retention/ dispersion potential. A Lagrangian particle-tracking Individual-Based Model was set up using a 3D Princeton Ocean Model model forced with in situ data obtained from July 2009 to July 2011. Neutrally buoyant particles were released every first day of every month in the model, and tracked for 30 days. The retention potential was high for particles released from the bottom all over the study area from the coast to the shelf break (200 m isobath). Offshore losses showed a marked seasonality. Regarding inshore losses, the percentage of particles beached was constant year round and smaller than offshore losses, being higher south of 24°S. Simulation results seem to agree with present knowledge of the reproductive behaviour of the species in the region.

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Realized and potential larval connectivity in the Southern California Bight

Cited by 154 publications

References 81 publications

Beyond connectivity: how empirical methods can quantify population persistence to improve marine protected‐area design

Beyond connectivity: how empirical methods can quantify population persistence to improve marine protected‐area design

The value of spatial information in MPA network design

The São Paulo shelf (SE Brazil) as a nursery ground for Doryteuthis plei (Blainville, 1823) (Cephalopoda, Loliginidae) paralarvae: a Lagrangian particle-tracking Individual-Based Model approach

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