Reality of auditory verbal hallucinations

Raij, Tuukka T.; Valkonen‐Korhonen, Minna; Holi, Matti; Therman, Sebastian; Lehtonen, Johannes; Hari, Riitta

doi:10.1093/brain/awp186

Cited by 95 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The task-related power changes in both hemispheres were negatively correlated and the task-related coherence differences in the right hemisphere were positively correlated with the hallucination score in schizophrenic patients. The cerebral areas we identified were in line with those reported previously in studies observing an involvement of frontal [55,56] and temporal [55,57] areas in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

EEG Theta Power and Coherence to Octave Illusion in First-Episode Paranoid Schizophrenia with Auditory Hallucinations

Zheng

Chai²,

Yu³

et al. 2014

Psychopathology

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Background: The exact mechanism behind auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia remains unknown. A corollary discharge dysfunction hypothesis has been put forward, but it requires further confirmation. Electroencephalography (EEG) of the Deutsch octave illusion might offer more insight, by demonstrating an abnormal cerebral activation similar to that under auditory hallucinations in schizophrenic patients. Methods: We invited 23 first-episode schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations and 23 healthy participants to listen to silence and two sound sequences, which consisted of alternating 400- and 800-Hz tones. EEG spectral power and coherence values of different frequency bands, including theta rhythm (3.5-7.5 Hz), were computed using 32 scalp electrodes. Task-related spectral power changes and task-related coherence differences were also calculated. Clinical characteristics of patients were rated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Results: After both sequences of octave illusion, the task-related theta power change values of frontal and temporal areas were significantly lower, and the task-related theta coherence difference values of intrahemispheric frontal-temporal areas were significantly higher in schizophrenic patients than in healthy participants. Moreover, the task-related power change values in both hemispheres were negatively correlated and the task-related coherence difference values in the right hemisphere were positively correlated with the hallucination score in schizophrenic patients. Limitations: We only tested the Deutsch octave illusion in primary schizophrenic patients with acute first episode. Further studies might adopt other illusions or employ other forms of schizophrenia. Conclusion: Our results showed a lower activation but higher connection within frontal and temporal areas in schizophrenic patients under octave illusion. This suggests an oversynchronized but weak frontal area to exert an action to the ipsilateral temporal area, which supports the corollary discharge dysfunction hypothesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

EEG Theta Power and Coherence to Octave Illusion in First-Episode Paranoid Schizophrenia with Auditory Hallucinations

Zheng

Chai²,

Yu³

et al. 2014

Psychopathology

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“…Abnormal activation of right hemisphere regions is a frequently reported finding in patients who have AVHs, where activation changes have been most consistently reported for areas of the prefrontal and temporal cortices. 45,55,59 These findings have been discussed within the context of a disrupted language lateralization in patients who have AVHs. 2,60 The data provided by our study, however, suggest the involvement of an RSN distinct from the network subserving language.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dysconnectivity of multiple resting-state networks in patients with schizophrenia who have persistent auditory verbal hallucinations

Wolf

Sambataro

Vasić

et al. 2011

jpn

131

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Background: Functional neuroimaging studies on schizophrenia have suggested abnormal task-related functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia who have auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). However, little is known about intrinsic functional connectivity in these patients. Methods: Between January 2009 and February 2010, we studied patients with schizophrenia who had persistent and treatment-refractory AVHs in comparison with healthy controls. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we studied the functional connectivity of multiple resting state networks (RSNs) and their relation to symptom severity. We analyzed the data using a spatial group independent component analysis, and we used random-effects t tests to compare spatial components between groups. Results: There were 10 patients and 14 controls enrolled in this study. In total, 16 RSNs were identified, from which we selected 4 networks of interest for further analyses. Within a speech-related network, patients showed increased connectivity in bilateral temporal regions and decreased connectivity in the cingulate cortex. Within 2 additional RSNs associated with attention and executive control, respectively, patients exhibited abnormal connectivity in the precuneus and right lateral prefrontal areas. We found correlations between measures of AVH severity and functional connectivity of the left anterior cingulate, left superior temporal gyrus and right lateral prefrontal cortex. Limitations: The relatively small sample size, the patients' use of antipsychotic medication and the lack of a clinical control group have to be considered as potential limitations. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that disrupted intrinsic connectivity of a speech-related network could underlie persistent AVHs in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, the occurrence of hallucinatory symptoms seems to modulate RSNs associated with attention and executive control

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“…10,11 This hypothesis has been supported by the results of imaging studies, which have found increased metabolism of the vStr during positive symptoms 12 and have correlated NAcc activation to the vividness of hallucinations. 13 Moreover, several authors have proposed that DAergic transmission may indirectly contribute to hallucinations by inducing aberrant salience processes, impairing sensory integration. 14 Nevertheless, the extent to which the mesolimbic pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of hallucinations and depends on the elicited sensory modalities remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Nucleus Accumbens in Auditory and Visual Hallucinations in Schizophrenia

Rolland¹,

Amad

Poulet

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Both auditory hallucinations (AH) and visual hallucinations may occur in schizophrenia. One of the main hypotheses underlying their occurrence involves the increased activity of the mesolimbic pathway, which links the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). However, the precise contribution of the mesolimbic pathway in hallucinations across various sensory modalities has not yet been explored. We compared the resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the NAcc among 16 schizophrenia patients with pure AH, 15 with both visuoauditory hallucinations (VAH), and 14 without hallucinations (NoH). A betweengroup comparison was performed using random-effects ANCOVA (rs-FC of the bilateral NAcc as the dependent variable, groups as the between-subjects factor, age and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores as covariates; q(false discovery rate [FDR]) < .05). Compared to the NoH group, the AH group exhibited significantly enhanced NAcc rs-FC with the left temporal superior gyrus, the cingulate gyri, and the VTA, whereas the VAH group, compared to the AH group, exhibited significantly enhanced NAcc rs-FC with the bilateral insula, putamen, parahippocampal gyri, and VTA. The strength in rs-FC between the NAcc and the VTA appeared to be positively associated with the presence of hallucinations, but the NAcc FC patterns changed with the complexity of these experiences (ie, 0, 1, or 2 sensory modalities), rather than with severity. This might support the aberrant salience hypothesis of schizophrenia. Moreover, these findings suggest that future clinical and neurobiological studies of hallucinations should evaluate not only the global severity of symptoms but also their sensorial features.

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Reality of auditory verbal hallucinations

Cited by 95 publications

References 50 publications

EEG Theta Power and Coherence to Octave Illusion in First-Episode Paranoid Schizophrenia with Auditory Hallucinations

EEG Theta Power and Coherence to Octave Illusion in First-Episode Paranoid Schizophrenia with Auditory Hallucinations

Dysconnectivity of multiple resting-state networks in patients with schizophrenia who have persistent auditory verbal hallucinations

Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Nucleus Accumbens in Auditory and Visual Hallucinations in Schizophrenia

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