Realistic wave-optics simulation of X-ray phase-contrast imaging at a human scale

Sung, Yongjin; Segars, W. Paul; Pan, Adam; Ando, Masami; Sheppard, Colin J. R.; Gupta, Rajiv

doi:10.1038/srep12011

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In addition to research towards biological dark-field imaging, several groups developed analytical theoretical frameworks for the quantification of dark-field, working through either wave optics propagation 5 18 or analysis equivalent to spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering 19 . Although simulations are outside the scope of the work presented in this article, in recent years several groups have presented results from simulation frameworks towards the interpretation and quantification of dark-field signal 20 21 22 23 . Among these, Ritter et al .…”

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confidence: 99%

A generalized quantitative interpretation of dark-field contrast for highly concentrated microsphere suspensions

Gkoumas

Villanueva-Pérez

Wang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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In X-ray grating interferometry, dark-field contrast arises due to partial extinction of the detected interference fringes. This is also called visibility reduction and is attributed to small-angle scattering from unresolved structures in the imaged object. In recent years, analytical quantitative frameworks of dark-field contrast have been developed for highly diluted monodisperse microsphere suspensions with maximum 6% volume fraction. These frameworks assume that scattering particles are separated by large enough distances, which make any interparticle scattering interference negligible. In this paper, we start from the small-angle scattering intensity equation and, by linking Fourier and real-space, we introduce the structure factor and thus extend the analytical and experimental quantitative interpretation of dark-field contrast, for a range of suspensions with volume fractions reaching 40%. The structure factor accounts for interparticle scattering interference. Without introducing any additional fitting parameters, we successfully predict the experimental values measured at the TOMCAT beamline, Swiss Light Source. Finally, we apply this theoretical framework to an experiment probing a range of system correlation lengths by acquiring dark-field images at different energies. This proposed method has the potential to be applied in single-shot-mode using a polychromatic X-ray tube setup and a single-photon-counting energy-resolving detector.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A generalized quantitative interpretation of dark-field contrast for highly concentrated microsphere suspensions

Gkoumas

Villanueva-Pérez

Wang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…33 We previously demonstrated the full-wave simulation of PB-XPCI with the 4D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom. 37 The full-wave simulation using the complex numerical phantom was enabled by adopting a wave propagation model simplified with the first-order Rytov approximation. 36,42 Here we extended the approach to GB-XPCI by including the interaction of x rays with the gratings.…”

Section: E Extraction Of Absorption Differential Phase and Normamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome these limitations, we previously reported a computationally efficient full-wave simulation framework for XPCI, which can be applied to a realistic phantom. 36,37 The method previously demonstrated with propagationbased XPCI (PB-XPCI) uses a phantom defined with non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surfaces; thereby, the discretization artefact can be suppressed much more efficiently than refining three-dimensional (3D) volume meshes. Using a wave optics model simplified with the first-order Rytov approximation, the method is accurate and computationally efficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major challenge with scaling up the wave optics simulation to a large, complex object is the computational cost. To overcome these limitations, we previously reported a computationally efficient full‐wave simulation framework for XPCI, which can be applied to a realistic phantom 36,37 . The method previously demonstrated with propagation‐based XPCI (PB‐XPCI) uses a phantom defined with non‐uniform rational B‐spline (NURBS) surfaces; thereby, the discretization artefact can be suppressed much more efficiently than refining three‐dimensional (3D) volume meshes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wave optics simulation of grating‐based X‐ray phase‐contrast imaging using 4D Mouse Whole Body (MOBY) phantom

et al. 2020

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Purpose Demonstrate realistic simulation of grating‐based x‐ray phase‐contrast imaging (GB‐XPCI) using wave optics and the four‐dimensional Mouse Whole Body (MOBY) phantom defined with non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBS). Methods We use a full‐wave approach, which uses wave optics for x‐ray wave propagation from the source to the detector. This forward imaging model can be directly applied to NURBS‐defined numerical phantoms such as MOBY. We assign the material properties (attenuation coefficient and electron density) of each model part using the data for adult human tissues. The Poisson noise is added to the simulated images based on the calculated photon flux at each pixel. Results We simulate the intensity images of the MOBY phantom for eight different grating positions. From the simulated images, we calculate the absorption, differential phase, and normalized visibility contrast images. We also predict how the image quality is affected by different exposure times. Conclusions GB‐XPCI can be simulated with the full‐wave approach and a realistic numerical phantom defined with NURBS.

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“…When it comes to storing and representation, options are more limited. Most virtual models consist either of mathematically represented surfaces (e.g., non-uniform rational basis spline, NURBS) [23], [24] or more often as discretized volumes (e.g., based on polygon mesh or voxels). Voxel-based discretized models are the most common, partly due to their shared format with experimental data allowing similar processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Phase-Contrast X-Ray Imaging of Anthropomorphic Voxel-Based Phantoms

Häggmark

Shaker

Hertz

2021

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging

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Propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging is an emerging technique that can improve dose efficiency in clinical imaging. In silico tools are key to understanding the fundamental imaging mechanisms and develop new applications. Here, due to the coherent nature of the phase-contrast effects, tools based on wave propagation (WP) are preferred over Monte Carlo (MC) based methods. WP simulations require very high wave-front sampling which typically limits simulations to small idealized objects. Virtual anthropomorphic voxel-based phantoms are typically provided with a resolution lower than imposed sampling requirements and, thus, cannot be directly translated for use in WP simulations. In the present paper we propose a general strategy to enable the use of these phantoms for WP simulations. The strategy is based on upsampling in the 3D domain followed by projection resulting in highresolution maps of the projected thickness for each phantom material. These maps can then be efficiently used for simulations of Fresnel diffraction to generate in silico phase-contrast X-ray images. We demonstrate the strategy on an anthropomorphic breast phantom to simulate propagation-based phase-contrast mammography using a laboratory micro-focus X-ray source.

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Realistic wave-optics simulation of X-ray phase-contrast imaging at a human scale

Cited by 14 publications

References 49 publications

A generalized quantitative interpretation of dark-field contrast for highly concentrated microsphere suspensions

A generalized quantitative interpretation of dark-field contrast for highly concentrated microsphere suspensions

Wave optics simulation of grating‐based X‐ray phase‐contrast imaging using 4D Mouse Whole Body (MOBY) phantom

In Silico Phase-Contrast X-Ray Imaging of Anthropomorphic Voxel-Based Phantoms

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