Real-World Vehicle Emissions: A Summary of the 14th Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop

Cadle, Steven H.; Belian, Timothy C.; Black, Kevin; Minassian, Fred; Natarajan, Mani; Lawson, Douglas R.

doi:10.1080/10473289.2005.10464607

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cross road remote sensing measurements allow a large number of individual vehicles to be sampled, but each vehicle is usually sampled only under a single driving condition. On-board measurement systems (23) and mobile instrument platforms (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) are in development and starting to be deployed to characterize onroad emissions. Real world on-road measurements of a heavyduty diesel (HDD) vehicle by a mobile laboratory being pulled by the HDD vehicle have been reported (30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Measurements of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from In-Use New York City Transit Buses Using a Chase Vehicle

Shorter

Herndon

Zahniser

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

New diesel engine technologies and alternative fuel engines are being introduced into fleets of mass transit buses to try to meet stricter emission regulations of nitrogen oxides and particulates: Real-time instruments including an Aerodyne Research tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectrometer (TILDAS) were deployed in a mobile laboratory to assess the impact of the implementation of the new technologies on nitrogen oxide emissions in real world driving conditions. Using a "chase" vehicle sampling strategy, the mobile laboratory followed target vehicles, repeatedly sampling their exhaust. Nitrogen oxides from approximately 170 in-use New York City mass transit buses were sampled during the field campaigns. Emissions from conventional diesel buses, diesel buses with continuously regenerating technology (CRT), diesel hybrid electric buses, and compressed natural gas (CNG) buses were compared. The chase vehicle sampling method yields real world emissions that can be included in more realistic emission inventories. The NO, emissions from the diesel and CNG buses were comparable. The hybrid electric buses had approximately one-half the NOx emissions. In CRT diesels, NO2 accounts for about one-third of the NOx emitted in the exhaust, while for non-CRT buses the NO2 fraction is less than 10%.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Measurements of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from In-Use New York City Transit Buses Using a Chase Vehicle

Shorter

Herndon

Zahniser

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Emission control with route optimization in solid waste collection process: A case study

Apaydin

Gönüllü

2008

Sadhana

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Solid waste collection processes are usually carried out by using trucks with diesel engine. In solid waste collection process, the trucks emit to environment different emissions from its exhausts. For this reason, in solid waste collection process, it is necessary that route optimization should be performed in order to decrease the emissions. This study was performed in Trabzon City with 39 districts, a shortest path model was used in order to optimize solid waste collection/hauling processes to minimize emission. Unless it performs route optimization in solid waste collection/hauling process, emissions increase due to empty miles negativeness. A software was used as an optimization tool. The software provided Geographical Information System (GIS) elements such as numerical pathways, demographic distribution data, container distribution data and solid waste production data. In addition, thematic container layer was having 777 points for the entire city. By using the software, the optimized route was compared with the present route. If the optimized route in solid waste collection system is used, route distance and route time will be decreased by 24·6 % and 44·3 % as mean of nine routes, respectively. By performing the stationary container collection process and route optimization, it is determined that CO 2 , NOx, HC, CO, PM emissions will be reduced 831·4, 12·8, 1·2, 0·4, 0·7 g per route, respectively.

show abstract

Estimated Validity and Reliability of On-Board Diagnostics for Older Vehicles: Comparison with Remote Sensing Observations

Supnithadnaporn

Noonan

Samoylov

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Based on requirements under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, most state vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs have, since 2002, replaced the tailpipe emission testing with the on-board diagnostic (OBD) II testing for 1996 model and newer vehicles. This test relies on the OBD II system to give the pass or fail result, depending on certain conditions that might cause the vehicle to emit pollution 1.5 times higher than the regulated standard. The OBD II system is a computer and sensors installed in the vehicle to monitor the emission control units and signal if there is any malfunction. As a vehicle ages, its engine, pollution control units, and OBD II system deteriorate. Because the OBD II system's durability directly influences the test outcome, it is important to examine the fleetwide trend in the OBD II test results in comparison with an alternative measure of identifying high emitting vehicles. This study investigates whether the validity and reliability of the OBD II test is related to the age of the OBD II system installed in the fleet. Using Atlanta's I/M testing records and remote sensing device (RSD) data collected during [2002][2003][2004][2005], this research establishes the convergent validity and interobserver reliability criteria for the OBD II test based on on-road emissions measured by RSDs. The study results show that older vehicles exhibit significantly lower RSD-OBD II outcome agreement than newer vehicles. This suggests that the validity and reliability of the OBD II test may decline in the older vehicle fleets. Explanations and possible confounding factors for these findings are discussed.

show abstract

Real-World Vehicle Emissions: A Summary of the 14th Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Real-Time Measurements of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from In-Use New York City Transit Buses Using a Chase Vehicle

Real-Time Measurements of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from In-Use New York City Transit Buses Using a Chase Vehicle

Emission control with route optimization in solid waste collection process: A case study

Estimated Validity and Reliability of On-Board Diagnostics for Older Vehicles: Comparison with Remote Sensing Observations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About