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Spouses and family members of relatively young patients had higher rates of anxiety and depression. In contrast to the literature, depression was more common than anxiety among the relatives of ICU patients. Further research is needed on the impact of cultural and regional differences on anxiety and depression rates in family members of ICU patients.

Our results show that dexmedetomidine can easily be preferred over propofol in fast-track cardiac anesthesia due to its significant advantages of shorter extubation time and higher postoperative patient satisfaction scores.

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In this study, the potential to treat domestic wastewater (DWW) using an electrocoagulation (EC) process was tested on two different samples, one of which was heavily loaded [380 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L]; the other was weakly loaded [260 mg COD/L]. The samples were supplied from the Istanbul-Yenikapi DWW pretreatment plant. The experimental studies were conducted within an electrolysis cell with Fe-Fe electrodes. In this cell, under optimum operational conditions in the form of electrical power and electrolysis time, pollutant removal efficiency (as COD), suspended solids (SS) and characteristics of formed sludge were tested. At the end of these studies, the optimum operational conditions found for electrical power was 0.6 W for both DWW samples, and electrolysis times were determined as 15 min for heavily loaded DWW (HLDWW) and 8 min for weakly loaded DWW (WLDWW). Energy consumption in optimum electrical charge conditions was 0.4 kWh/m 3 HLDWW and 0.2 kWh/m 3 WLDWW. The removal efficiency of COD and SS were obtained and shown to be over 60 and 70%, respectively. The level of sludge production was 1.5-2% during the optimal reaction time, and sludge volume was decreased 50% using H 2 O 2 .

Solid waste collection processes are usually carried out by using trucks with diesel engine. In solid waste collection process, the trucks emit to environment different emissions from its exhausts. For this reason, in solid waste collection process, it is necessary that route optimization should be performed in order to decrease the emissions. This study was performed in Trabzon City with 39 districts, a shortest path model was used in order to optimize solid waste collection/hauling processes to minimize emission. Unless it performs route optimization in solid waste collection/hauling process, emissions increase due to empty miles negativeness. A software was used as an optimization tool. The software provided Geographical Information System (GIS) elements such as numerical pathways, demographic distribution data, container distribution data and solid waste production data. In addition, thematic container layer was having 777 points for the entire city. By using the software, the optimized route was compared with the present route. If the optimized route in solid waste collection system is used, route distance and route time will be decreased by 24·6 % and 44·3 % as mean of nine routes, respectively. By performing the stationary container collection process and route optimization, it is determined that CO 2 , NOx, HC, CO, PM emissions will be reduced 831·4, 12·8, 1·2, 0·4, 0·7 g per route, respectively.

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