Real world performance of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) against infection, hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 in adult population in Indonesia

Suryatma, Anton; Anasi, Raras; Hananto, Miko; Hermawan, Asep; Ramadhany, Ririn; Indalao, Irene L.; Agustiningsih,; Fikriyah, Ely Hujjatul; Tobing, Kristina; Tejayanti, Teti; Rustika, Rustika; Dhewantara, Pandji Wibawa

doi:10.1101/2022.02.02.22270351

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The effectiveness against hospitalization in this study, in contrast, is higher than those from test-negative case-control studies in Brazil, China, and Indonesia (VE, 55%–71%) [ 6 , 7 , 9 ]. The different results about the VE for the same vaccine between this and previously published studies might be due to the variations in demographics of study populations and the sampling time frame vis-à-vis SARS-CoV-2 variants.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…Partial vaccination also offered protections against symptomatic infection by 49% and hospitalization by 75%, but these estimates have wider confidence intervals compared to those for full vaccination given the smaller numbers of persons who were only partially vaccinated. The effectiveness of full vaccination against symptomatic infection in this study is slightly lower than those of the CoronaVac vaccine from other test-negative case-control studies conducted in Brazil and China (VE range, 36%–67%) [ 6–9 ] or prospective cohort study in Chile (VE, 66%) [ 5 ]. The protection rate against symptomatic infection is also lower than the efficacies of the CoronaVac vaccine from phase 3 randomized clinical trials conducted in Turkey, Brazil, and Indonesia (50%–83%) [ 10–12 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…A prospective national cohort study among 10.2 million Chileans who received CoronaVac vaccine found it 66% effective against symptomatic COVID-19, 88% against hospitalization, 90% against admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and 86% against death [ 5 ]. A test-negative case-control study in Indonesia showed the VE was 67% against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infection, 71% against hospitalization, and 87% against COVID-19-associated death [ 6 ]. Because vaccine effectiveness may vary by circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, population-level immunity, and access to healthcare, it is helpful to have studies with a variety of circumstances and time frames.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population-Level Effectiveness of an Inactivated Whole-Virion COVID-19 Vaccine: A Test Negative Case-Control Study in the Dominican Republic

Pérez-Then¹,

Miric²,

Qian

et al. 2023

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background A continuing nationwide vaccination campaign began in the Dominican Republic on February 16, 2021 to prevent severe consequences of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Estimates of vaccine effectiveness under real-world conditions are needed to support policy decision making and inform further vaccine selection. Methods We conducted a test-negative case-control study to assess the real-world effectiveness of nationwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program using an inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac®) on preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and hospitalizations from August to November 2021 in the Dominican Republic. Participants were recruited from 10 hospitals in 5 provinces to estimate the effectiveness of full immunization (≥14 days after receipt of the second dose) and partial immunization (otherwise with at least one dose ≥14 days after receipt of the first dose). Results Of 1,078 adult participants seeking health care for COVID-19-related symptoms, 395 (36.6%) had positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2; 142 (13.2%) were hospitalized during 15 days of follow-up, including 91 (23%) among 395 PCR-positive and 51 (7.5%) among 683 PCR-negative participants. Full vaccination was associated with 31% lower odds of symptomatic infection (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.93) and partial vaccination was associated with 49% lower odds (0.51; 0.30-0.86). Among 395 PCR-positive participants, full vaccination reduced the odds of COVID-19 related hospitalization by 85% (0.15; 0.08-0.25) and partial vaccination reduced it by 75% (0.25; 0.08-0.80); full vaccination was associated with reduced use of assisted ventilation by 73% (0.27; 0.15-0.49). Conclusions Given the ancestral and delta viral variants circulating during this study period, our results suggest that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine offered moderate protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and high protection against COVID-19 related hospitalizations and assisted ventilation. This is reassuring given that, as of August 2022, an estimated 2.6 billion inactivated CoronaVac® vaccine doses had been administered worldwide. This vaccine will become a basis for developing multivalent vaccine against currently circulating omicron variant.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

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confidence: 99%

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Population-Level Effectiveness of an Inactivated Whole-Virion COVID-19 Vaccine: A Test Negative Case-Control Study in the Dominican Republic

Pérez-Then¹,

Miric²,

Qian

et al. 2023

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…22 Limited observational evidence suggests strong and durable protection against severe disease and death, with transient protection against milder symptomatic disease. [23][24][25][26] With a largely infection-naïve population and two COVID-19 vaccines in widespread use, Hong Kong represents a unique environment for monitoring vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Omicron BA.2. In this study we estimated VE of one, two and three doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac, their relative effectiveness, and the additional protection offered by third doses against mild/moderate infections, severe/fatal disease and death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine effectiveness of two and three doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac against COVID-19 in Hong Kong

McMenamin

Nealon

Lin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Hong Kong maintained extremely low circulation of SARS-CoV-2 until a major community epidemic of Omicron BA.2 starting in January 2022. Both mRNA BNT162b2 (BioNTech/Fosun Pharma) and inactivated CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccines are widely available, however coverage has remained low in older adults. Vaccine effectiveness in this predominantly infection-naive population is unknown. Methods: We used individual-level case data on mild/moderate, severe/fatal and fatal hospitalized COVID-19 from December 31, 2021 to March 8, 2022, along with census information and coverage data of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac. We used a negative binomial model, adjusting for age and calendar day to estimate vaccine effectiveness of one, two and three dose schedules of both vaccines, and relative effectiveness by number of doses and vaccine type. Findings: A total of 12.7 million vaccine doses were administered in the 7.3 million population of Hong Kong, and we analyzed data from confirmed cases with mild/moderate (N=5,474), severe/fatal (N=5,294) and fatal (N=4,093) COVID-19. Two doses of either vaccine protected against severe disease and death, with higher effectiveness among adults ≥60 years with BNT162b2 (VE: 88.2%, 95% confidence interval, CI: 84.4%, 91.1%) compared to CoronaVac (VE: 74.1%, 95% CI: 67.8%, 79.2%). Three doses of either vaccine offered very high levels of protection against severe outcomes (VE: 98.1%, 95% CI: 97.1%, 98.8%). Interpretation: Third doses of either BNT162b2 or CoronaVac provide substantial additional protection against severe COVID-19 and should be prioritized, particularly in older adults who received CoronaVac primary schedules. Longer follow-up is needed to assess persistence of different vaccine platforms and schedules.

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“…Breakthrough infections have been examined in Indonesia. A test-negative case-control study conducted in Bali, Indonesia revealed that CoronaVac was 71.1% effective in preventing hospitalization and 87.4% effective in preventing death in participants at least 18 years of age [19]. However, research involving real-world models of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in Indonesia is still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccination and Clinical Outcomes at a Secondary Referral Hospital During the Delta Variant-dominant Period in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Rahadi,

Yusri,

Putra

et al. 2023

J Prev Med Public Health

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Objectives: The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Indonesia, during which the Delta variant predominated, took place after a vaccination program had been initiated in the country. This study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes including hospitalization, severe COVID-19, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death using a real-world model.Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study involved patients with COVID-19 aged ≥18 years who presented to the COVID-19 emergency room at a secondary referral teaching hospital between June 1, 2021 and August 31, 2021. We used a binary logistic regression model to assess the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on unfavorable clinical outcomes, with age, sex, and comorbidities as confounding variables.Results: A total of 716 patients were included, 32.1% of whom were vaccinated. The elderly participants (≥65 years) had the lowest vaccine coverage among age groups. Vaccination had an effectiveness of 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25 to 66) for preventing hospitalization, 97% (95% CI, 77 to 99) for preventing severe COVID-19, 95% (95% CI, 56 to 99) for preventing ICU admission, and 90% (95% CI, 22 to 99) for preventing death. Interestingly, patients with type 2 diabetes had a 2-fold to 4-fold elevated risk of unfavorable outcomes.Conclusions: Among adults, COVID-19 vaccination has a moderate preventive impact on hospitalization but a high preventive impact on severe COVID-19, ICU admission, and death. The authors suggest that relevant parties increase COVID-19 vaccination coverage, especially in the elderly population.

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Real world performance of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) against infection, hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 in adult population in Indonesia

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Population-Level Effectiveness of an Inactivated Whole-Virion COVID-19 Vaccine: A Test Negative Case-Control Study in the Dominican Republic

Population-Level Effectiveness of an Inactivated Whole-Virion COVID-19 Vaccine: A Test Negative Case-Control Study in the Dominican Republic

Vaccine effectiveness of two and three doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac against COVID-19 in Hong Kong

COVID-19 Vaccination and Clinical Outcomes at a Secondary Referral Hospital During the Delta Variant-dominant Period in West Sumatra, Indonesia

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