Real-world objects are more memorable than photographs of objects

Snow, Jacqueline C.; Skiba, Rafal; Coleman, Taylor; Berryhill, Marian E.

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00837

Cited by 87 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…We propose that real objects relative to 2D pictures possess stronger affordance cues. In line with our assumption is a recent study by Snow et al (2014), showing a memory advantage for real objects over pictures. This finding supports the hypothesis that pairedobject affordance is mediated via a direct route from perception-to-action that bypasses semantic processing (cf.…”

Section: The Interaction Between Semantic and Action Knowledgesupporting

confidence: 72%

Selecting object pairs for action: Is the active object always first?

et al. 2015

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Perception is linked to action via two routes: a direct route based on affordance information in the environment and an indirect route based on semantic knowledge about objects. The present study explored the factors modulating the recruitment of the two routes, in particular which factors affecting the selection of paired objects. In Experiment 1, we presented real objects among semantically related or unrelated distracters. Participants had to select two objects that can interact. The presence of distracters affected selection times, but not the semantic relations of the objects with the distracters. Furthermore, participants first selected the active object (e.g. teaspoon) with their right hand, followed by the passive object (e.g. mug), often with their left hand. In Experiment 2, we presented pictures of the same objects with no hand grip, congruent or incongruent hand grip. Participants had to decide whether the two objects can interact. Action decisions were faster when the presentation of the active object preceded the presentation of the passive object, and when the grip was congruent. Interestingly, participants were slower when the objects were semantically but not functionally related; this effect increased with congruently gripped objects. Our data showed that action decisions in the presence of strong affordance cues (real objects, pictures of congruently gripped objects) relied on sensory-motor representation, supporting the direct route from perception-to-action that bypasses semantic knowledge. However, in the case of weak affordance cues (pictures), semantic information interfered with action decisions, indicating that semantic knowledge impacts action decisions. The data support the dual-route account from perception-to-action.

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Section: The Interaction Between Semantic and Action Knowledgesupporting

confidence: 72%

Selecting object pairs for action: Is the active object always first?

et al. 2015

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“…Previous work has focused on marmoset and capuchin monkeys, as well as baboons and great apes, with only limited work done on macaques, so our results complement the previous literature in this area. In addition, our findings may explain results in humans (Snow et al, 2014) and other animals (O'Hara et al, 2015) showing that objects tend to be remembered better than pictures. We suggest that the greater looking time spent on objects compared to pictures may be the reason for the superior memory performance, since the additional sensory stimulation may enhance memory formation for object stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Enhanced visual exploration for real objects compared to pictures during free viewing in the macaque monkey

Mustafar

Luna

Rainer

2015

Behavioural Processes

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The question of whether animals perceive pictures as representation of real objects remains still unsolved. Object-picture perception is generally studied requiring animals to learn some information about real objects and transfer that knowledge to the pictorial domain, or vice versa. Here, we tackle the issue of object-picture perception from a different perspective, examining visual exploration behavior of two naïve macaque monkeys during free-viewing of objects and pictures of these objects on a computer monitor. Our main finding is that monkeys looked spontaneously longer at object rather than picture stimuli. However, we find striking similarities in temporal dynamics of gaze allocation within the time course of a single stimulus presentation, as well as in habituation rates within and across behavioral sessions. We also highlight differences between stimulus types in terms of spatial gaze patterns and looking strategies. Stimulus features that attract overt attention during spontaneous visual exploration are thus better predicted for object stimuli by a visual saliency model. Moreover, we provide evidence for a consistency in stimulus preference for objects and pictures, suggesting a correspondence of in how macaques perceive objects and their pictorial stimuli. Taken together, our data suggest that macaque monkeys exhibit evidence for correspondence between objects and pictures. This validates spontaneous visual exploration as a method for studying object-picture correspondence without a need for extensive behavioral training. We discuss the potential advantages of using object over picture stimuli in the context of studies on visual cognition.

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“…Recent research suggests that other potentially important differences between real objects and images can influence behavioral and brain-based responses (Bushong et al 2010;Snow et al 2014). In particular, whereas real objects have a definite size and distance relative to the observer, isolated images of objects do not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Priming tool actions: Are real objects more effective primes than pictures?

et al. 2015

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Humans are faster to grasp an object such as a tool if they have previewed the same object beforehand. This priming effect is strongest when actors gesture the use of the tool rather than simply move it, possibly because the previewed tool activates action-specific routines in dorsal-stream motor networks. Here, we examined whether real tools, which observers could physically act upon, serve as more potent primes than two-dimensional images of tools, which do not afford physical action. Participants were presented with a prime stimulus that could be either a real tool or a visually matched photograph of a tool. After a brief delay, participants interacted with a real tool target, either by 'grasping to move,' or 'grasping to use' it. The identities of the prime and target tools were either the same (congruent trials; e.g., spatula-spatula) or different (incongruent trials; e.g., whisk-spatula). As expected, participants were faster to initiate grasps during trials when they had to move the tool rather than gesture its use. Priming effects were observed for grasp-to-use, but not grasp-to-move, responses. Surprisingly, however, both pictures of tools and real tools primed action responses equally. Our results indicate that tool priming effects are driven by pictorial cues and their implied actions, even in the absence of volumetric cues that reflect the tangibility and affordances of the prime.

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Real-world objects are more memorable than photographs of objects

Cited by 87 publications

References 58 publications

Selecting object pairs for action: Is the active object always first?

Selecting object pairs for action: Is the active object always first?

Enhanced visual exploration for real objects compared to pictures during free viewing in the macaque monkey

Priming tool actions: Are real objects more effective primes than pictures?

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