Real-world investigation of a methodology for powertrain component sizing of hybrid electric vehicles

Lithium‐ionbattery and supercapacitor‐based hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicle applications: A review

“…Generally, two different standard drive cycles, namely, model‐based (eg, NEDC or mode 10‐15) and transient‐based (UDDS, HWFET, US‐08) cycles, are widely utilized in LIB‐SC HESS CS. However, owing to high reliability and to attain a more accurate solution, researchers are focusing on real‐world drive cycles instead of standard drive cycles 148 . The real‐world drive cycles are determined with real‐time driving scenario data collected through GPS 149 .…”

“…However, owing to high reliability and to attain a more accurate solution, researchers are focusing on real-world drive cycles instead of standard drive cycles. 148 The real-world drive cycles are determined with real-time driving scenario data collected through GPS. 149 With the use of a real-world driving pattern, the peak demand power and energy of an EV increases by 29% and 17% to 19% compared with the standard drive cycle.…”

Recent Development in Hybrid Electrical Vehicle

“…The following parameters are considered such as the vehicle body frame, coefficient of rolling resistance, drag coefficient of aerodynamic body, frontal area of vehicle, transmission, and initial battery state of charge (soc) and then the design parameters are considered for the investigation and then based on the result the problem formulation is done and based on that the constraints of the vehicle such as the acceleration, maximum speed, and grade ability for which a supervisory control strategy and then for the optimisation a genetic algorithm is used based on the potential solution required, the following procedure is used for the fuel economy evaluation and based on the result the power train components such as the IC-ENGINE, power generator, electric motor, and battery are optimized as required methods for the hybrid electric vehicles. 1 Thereafter, to reduce the pollution caused from the vehicles such as the CO 2 emission, various energy sources and various increase in the technologies have to be introduced in the sectors of the vehicle manufacturing industry one amongst such vehicles are the electric vehicle for which a high power electronic semiconductors are used for storing electric energy, the main components include the batteries, inverters, and electric motors hence various efforts are being done for making the components smaller and for improving the efficiency of the components and various efforts to improve the reliability, cooling and vibration resistance in order to resist the harsh automotive environment, to satisfy the requirements a next-generation inverter is used which is developed by the direct water cooling power module by which higher inverter performance and in which compact electric power wiring is used to reduce the inverter size and a better optimum design technique for pin fin heat sinks and having some attachments to minimize the vibration resonance for modifying the structure design to reduce the stresses. The range of air quality index and schematic diagram of the electric vehicle shown in Figures 1 and 2…”