Real-world emissions from model year 1993, 2000, and 2010 passenger cars

Ross, Marc Howard; Goodwin, Rob; Watkins, R.

doi:10.2172/272537

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Laboratory measurements significantly underestimate in-use (on-road) emissions. On a lifetime average basis, real-world emissions have been found to be 2 to 4 times higher than the emissions standards (Calvert et al 1993;Ross et al 1995). The reliability of its emissions control system (ECS) is a key determinant of a vehicle's lifetime emissions.…”

Section: Vehicle Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Green Rating of Automobiles

DeCicco

Thomas

1999

J of Industrial Ecology

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❙ SummaryCoherent information about the environmental impacts of a product is essential for pursuing market-oriented approaches to environmental protection. Such green rating information can influence consumers' choices and, by affecting product and corporate images in the marketplace, might also influence technology development and product planning. Automobiles and their supporting industries are the subjects of many environmental policies. Informational approaches to automotive environmental performance, however, have been relatively piecemeal. In the course of developing consumer information and market creation programs for vehicles of higher energy efficiency (an important determinant of environmental performance), the authors felt that it was necessary to address this fragmentation rather than treat efficiency in isolation from other factors. A green rating system was developed based on principles of life-cycle assessment and is usable within the confines of available data that permit discrimination among makes and models. The resulting methodology is applied in a consumer-oriented publication that rates vehicles in the U.S. market. The ratings cover all vehicles and do not constitute an eco-label, although the methodology provides groundwork for developing a label. The background, data issues, analysis, and future research needs for this rating system are described along with a summary of its application.

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Section: Vehicle Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Green Rating of Automobiles

DeCicco

Thomas

1999

J of Industrial Ecology

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“…For automobiles, light duty trucks and motorcycles the age cohort VMT distribution factors as shown in Table A.18 were used, while for single unit trucks, buses and combination trucks, the truck age cohort VMT distribution factors as shown in Table A.19 were used. efficiency, studies conducted by Ross et al (1995) and Kortum et al (1997) indicate that fuel efficiencies continue to reduce with vehicle age because carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and other emissions from older vehicles continue to be higher than newer vehicles. Based on the inference, an α-factor, which modifies the model year fuel efficiency to reflect the expected declining rate of fuel efficiency, was used.…”

Section: Estimation Of Vehicle Fleet Fuel Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting of Highway Revenues Under Various Options

Agbelie¹,

Bai²,

Labi³

2010

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“…Emissions -Emissions from the operation of the vehicle are derived from US EPA emission factors and off-cycle and malfunction emissions (Ross, 1995).…”

Section: Product Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-Cycle Assessment of a Powertrain Structural Component: Diecast Aluminum vs. Hypothetical Thixomolded® Magnesium

Shen

Phipps

Keoleian

et al. 1999

SAE Technical Paper Series

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This study is a life-cycle assessment (LCA) comparing two types of a powertrain structural component: one made of diecast primary aluminum and another hypothetical part made of semi-solid injection molded primary magnesium (Thixomolded ®). The LCA provides an indication of the potential environmental burdens throughout the life-cycles of both parts, ranging from raw material acquisition to product end-of-life. Preliminary results show high sensitivity to selection of primary vs. secondary metals, and to the SF 6 emission factor used in the model. Opportunities exist for reducing energy consumption using secondary instead of primary metals for both parts, although the use of such is influenced by market supply and demand

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Real-world emissions from model year 1993, 2000, and 2010 passenger cars

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

A Method for Green Rating of Automobiles

A Method for Green Rating of Automobiles

Forecasting of Highway Revenues Under Various Options

Life-Cycle Assessment of a Powertrain Structural Component: Diecast Aluminum vs. Hypothetical Thixomolded® Magnesium

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