A Method for Green Rating of Automobiles

DeCicco, John M.; Thomas, Martin

doi:10.1162/108819899569395

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, for a generic USA family sedan driven 120,000 miles the utilization share is over 84% of the life cycle energy and 87% of the generated CO 2 [21]; similar conclusions were reached and employed by other researchers [8]. Unfortunately, emissions costs associated to the production/scrapping of vehicles are undoubtedly the most difficult parameter to estimate [21][22][23]. In addition, battery technology is advancing rapidly and it is difficult to forecast future GHG costs associated to manufacturing, mining, and vehicle mass [24].…”

Section: Odot Cost-age Data (Sedans)supporting

confidence: 57%

Green and Economic Fleet Replacement Modeling: Part I

Kim¹,

Figliozzi²,

Porter³

2011

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This paper focuses on the economic and environmental optimization of vehicle replacement decisions. A new type of vehicle replacement model (VRM) that minimizes purchase, operating, maintenance, and emissions costs is proposed. An integer programming VRM is adapted from literature to represent current environmental and policy issues such as greenhouse gas (GHG) taxes and incentives for electric vehicle purchases. This research also analyzes the impacts of utilization (mileage per year per vehicle) and gasoline prices on fleet management decisions estimating energy and emissions reductions for a variety of fleet replacement scenarios using real-world data in the United States. Findings include: (a) fuel efficient vehicles such as hybrid and electric vehicles are purchased only in scenarios with high gasoline prices and/or utilization, (b) current European CO 2 cap and trade emissions price (around $18.7/ton) do not significantly alter fleet management decisions, and (c) electric vehicle incentives (i.e., tax credits) do increase the rate of purchases of hybrid or electric vehicles in scenarios with high gasoline prices and vehicle utilization. This research indicates that the proposed model can be effectively used to inform environmental and fiscal policies regarding vehicle regulations, tax incentives, and GHG emissions.

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Section: Odot Cost-age Data (Sedans)supporting

confidence: 57%

Green and Economic Fleet Replacement Modeling: Part I

Kim¹,

Figliozzi²,

Porter³

2011

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“…According to Decicco and Thomas (1999) proper information about the environmental impacts of a product is essential for implementing environmental protection. Such information can influence consumers' choices and, by affecting product and corporate images in the marketplace, might also influence technology development and product planning.…”

Section: Corporate Initiativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buying Behaviour of Herbal Cosmetics by Women Consumers : An Exploratory Study in Kolkata

Chattaraj

Mazumder

Lahiri³

2018

Indian Journal of Marketing

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Executive SummarySince the concept of environmental consciousness has become a necessity to save the mankind, promoting consumption of green products is the need of hour, owing to the fact that green products are environment friendly or sustainable products and are organic in nature. It is evident that the feeling for the health of environment and consumers is being resulted in the emergence of the usage of green products at the cost of traditional or conventional products. However, the magnitude of usage of green products is much behind the ideal one to safeguard the consumers and environment at large. Thus stretching the incidence and depth of usage of green products is a must. In order to achieve the pious objective, it is necessary to know the factors which insist the users to go for the green products so that the same can be ventilated to the masses for extending the consumer base for the green products.On this backdrop, this study has been undertaken to collect responses from the green product users, specifically in cosmetic and food category in and around Kolkata to find out the significant factors, through factor analysis, which contribute for the popularity of the Green products. The study also tries to find out the impact of different psychographic variables with respect to popularity of green products. After identifying the factors, prioritization of the factors on the basis of the magnitude of their influences on consumers' preferences was undertaken with respect to both Cosmetic and Food products.The study also tries to establish whether there is any significant impact of demographic profile of the consumers on their preference towards green cosmetic and food products. Demographic profiles considered in this study are; age-group, gender, education, occupation, income and number of members in the household. In fact, the objective is to map demographic profile of 13 consumers (on the above mentioned facets) with their preference by way of applying one-way ANOVA for the data obtained. The findings so obtained will certainly lend a hand to contrive for stretching the incidence and depth of usage of green cosmetic and food products focusing on influential facets of demographic profile of the consumers.The findings so obtained will definitely help in augmenting the usage of green products and hence contribute to safeguard the health of consumers and environment at large. Keywords:Green Cosmetic products, Green Food products, Factors, Psychographic variables, Demographic variables, Kolkata. 14 Introduction OverviewFrom the last decade onwards people became more concerned about their health as a result of which they are using more of green products. Green products can be stated as having less of an impact on the environment and are less damaging to human health than conventional products, and hence are also called as sustainable or environment friendly products. Green products are produced from recycled components,(i.e., the decomposition of residues of food and food products instead of chemical fertilizers...

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“…Life-cycle analysis studies have estimated a passenger vehicle's production and salvage emissions ranging between eight to nine CO2-tons and 13 CO2-tons for sedans and sport utility vehicles (SUV), respectively (Kim et al, 2003;DeCicco and Thomas, 1999;Maclean and Lave, 2003;Samaras and Meisterling, 2008). To the best of the authors' knowledge there is no equivalent bus production and salvage emissions study; a bus CO2-tons estimation is produced based on a ratio of vehicle weight and the CO2 released to manufacture and scrap a vehicle.…”

Section: Utilization ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transit Bus Fleet Age and Replacement Type Optimization

Figliozzi¹,

Feng²,

Boudart³

2013

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Due to recent budget and fiscal constraints, it is ever more imperative for transit agencies to manage their fleets in an optimal way. Fleet data have consistently shown that bus operational and maintenance (O&M) per-mile costs increase as buses age. From a purely economic perspective, there is a cost tradeoff between the lower O&M costs of newer fleets and their higher initial capital costs. This tradeoff has a significant impact on the optimal timing of purchase and replacement decisions. Utilizing realistic cost data and an optimization modeling framework, we analyze (a) the impact of purchase timing decisions on fleet per-mile costs and (b) the key factors and variables affecting the optimization of transit diesel and hybrid bus fleets. Given uncertain and hard-to-forecast market variables, multiple scenarios are examined and sensitivity analyses are performed to study the impacts of key variables on optimal replacement policies and costs. In terms of the impact of purchase timing decisions on fleet per-mile costs (a), results indicate that: 1) increases in diesel prices do not affect total bus fleet costs as much as increases in maintenance costs; 2) increases in maintenance costs and utilization per year reduce the optimal replacement age; 3) increases in utilization and fuel economy have a similar impact in terms of total fleet costs; and 4) bus purchase-price changes have a significant impact on the optimal replacement age. In terms of the key factors and variables affecting the optimization of transit diesel and hybrid bus fleets (b), results indicate that: 1) the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) purchase cost subsidy has the highest impact on the optimal replacement policies; 2) without the FTA subsidy, the optimal policy is to choose the diesel bus unless the purchase cost difference is larger than 10%; 3) with an 80% FTA purchase cost subsidy, the hybrid bus is always the best choice unless fuel economy difference between the hybrid and diesel buses is substantial; 4) maintenance costs affect the optimal replacement age but are unlikely to change the optimal bus type when comparing diesel and hybrid technologies; and 5) greenhouse gas emissions costs are not significant and affect neither bus type nor replacement age.

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A Method for Green Rating of Automobiles

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Green and Economic Fleet Replacement Modeling: Part I

Green and Economic Fleet Replacement Modeling: Part I

Buying Behaviour of Herbal Cosmetics by Women Consumers : An Exploratory Study in Kolkata

Transit Bus Fleet Age and Replacement Type Optimization

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