Real world data on cardiometabolic diseases in U.S. adults during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a decentralized registry study

Abstract

Background Pre-existing cardiometabolic comorbidities place SARS-CoV-2 positive patients at a greater risk for poorer clinical course and mortality than those without it. We aimed to analyze real-world registry data focused primarily on participants with cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), which were remotely obtained via a digital platform. Methods Participants were divided into two groups: CMD or no cardiometabolic disease (non-CMD). They were evaluated based on their medical history, current medications/supplements, COVID-19 status, demographics, and baseline characteristics. The frequency of medications/supplements for CMD were compared using relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. The WHO (Five) Well-Being Index (WHO-5) were collected monthly for 6 months to assess psychological well-being which included cheerfulness, calmness, vigor, rest, and engagement with daily activities of interest. Results The 791 enrollees represented 49 U.S. states. The CMD group had significantly higher (p < 0.0001) BMI (mean + 3.04 kg/m2) and age (mean + 9.15 years) compared to non-CMD group. In the CMD group, participants who tested positive for COVID-19 had lower (p < 0.0001) well-being scores than those without COVID-19. For the 274 participants on CMD medications/supplements, there was no statistical difference in risk of COVID-19 contracture based on medication/supplement type; however, all six participants who were not being treated for CMD were COVID-19 positive (RR ~ 104). For 89 participants who were on treatment for diabetes or insulin resistance, there was a 90% reduced risk of COVID-19 incidence (p = 0.0187). Conclusion The well-being score of the CMD group was dependent on whether they tested positive for COVID-19. Type of CMD treatment did not impact COVID-19 status, but absence of treatment significantly increased COVID-19 incidence. With respect to SARS-CoV-2, our analysis supports continued use of the statins, ACE-I, ARBs, and diabetes medications in CMD patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04348942.

Post-COVID-19 metabolic syndrome: a new challenge for nursing care

“…(10)(11) That is why studies in this theme try to elucidate strategies to control the disease, understand the symptoms and the involved pathophysiology, detect the risk of aggravation in potentially fatal patients and stabilize cardiometabolic risk factors. (12) On the other hand, this has been an important gap in the literature. (9) In the nursing field, research related to COVID-19 in primary care has revealed fear regarding the clinical repercussions of the disease, linked to the strong thought of personal/professional fragility.…”

“… 10 - 11 That is why studies in this theme try to elucidate strategies to control the disease, understand the symptoms and the involved pathophysiology, detect the risk of aggravation in potentially fatal patients and stabilize cardiometabolic risk factors. 12 On the other hand, this has been an important gap in the literature. 9 …”