Real-world comparison of probe vehicle emissions and fuel consumption using diesel and 5% biodiesel (B5) blend

Ropkins, Karl; Quinn, Robert D.; Beebe, Joe; Li, Hu; Daham, Basil; Tate, James; Bell, MC; Andrews, Gordon E.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.021

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In most cases, the EFs obtained in the present work for gasoline vehicles are also lower than those reported in other dynamometer studies (e.g. Bergvall et al, 2009;Fontaras et al, 2011), on-board measurements (Ropkins et al, 2007;Achour et al, 2011;Huo et al, 2012) and tunnel experiments (Pierson et al, 1996;Kristensson et al, 2004;McGaughey et al, 2004;Martins et al, 2006). In the case of diesel vehicles, the EFs are lower than those obtained from on-board and tunnel measurements, but higher when compared with the results of other dynamometer tests.…”

Section: Gaseous Regulated Pollutantscontrasting

confidence: 74%

Emissions from Light-Duty Diesel and Gasoline in-use Vehicles Measured on Chassis Dynamometer Test Cycles

Alves

Lopes

Calvo

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The reduction in vehicle exhaust emissions achieved in the last two decades is offset by the growth in traffic, as well as by changes in the composition of emitted pollutants. The present investigation illustrates the emissions of eight in-use gasoline and diesel passenger cars using the official European driving cycle and the ARTEMIS real-world driving cycles. Measurements comprised gaseous regulated pollutants (CO, CO 2 , NO x and hydrocarbons), particulate matter and its carbonaceous content (organic and elemental carbon, OC and EC), as well as about 20 different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the C 6 -C 11 range. It was observed that some of the vehicles do not comply with the corresponding regulations. Significant differences in emissions were registered between driving cycles. Not all regulated pollutants showed a tendency to decrease from Euro 3 to Euro 5. The particulate carbon emission factors were significantly lower under the ARTEMIS Road compared with the ARTEMIS Urban driving cycle with cold start. In general, cold start-up driving conditions produced the highest emission factors. A tendency to the decline of carbonaceous emissions from Euro 3 to Euro 5 diesel vehicles was observed, whilst this trend was not registered for petrol-powered cars. The fraction of total carbon composed of EC was much lower in particles emitted by petrol vehicles (< 10%) than by diesel engines (50-95%). However, the EC content in emissions from more modern vehicles equipped with diesel particulate filter (DPF) is almost negligible. Among VOCs, benzene, toluene and xylenes were generally the dominant species. A significant decrease in emissions from Euro 4 to Euro 5 petrol-powered vehicles was observed. The trend in VOC emissions is unclear when diesel engines are considered. During DPF regeneration cycles, pollutant emissions are several times larger than those during normal engine operation.

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Section: Gaseous Regulated Pollutantscontrasting

confidence: 74%

Emissions from Light-Duty Diesel and Gasoline in-use Vehicles Measured on Chassis Dynamometer Test Cycles

Alves

Lopes

Calvo

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Inherent properties from vegetable oils or animal fats that have an effect on the performance of biodiesel as diesel substitute, such as Iodine Value (IV), density, viscosity, cetane number, copper strip corrosion, linolenic acid methyl esters content, polyunsaturated (more or having four double bonds) methyl esters content and phosphorus content, have been included. On the other hand, the properties of biodiesel related to the production technology are, namely, the contents of ester, sulphated ash, water, partial glycerides (mono-, di-and tri-glycerides), alkali, free and total glycerol, flash point and the acid value (Karl et al, 2007;Scott et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transesterification of Palm Oil for the Production of Biodiesel

Khalid¹

2011

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Problem statement: Palm oil is known as an important source of edible oil with significant values of renewable energy. Depletion of petroleum had captured much attention on producing biodiesel from the palm oil. Approach: The most concerning methods for the production of biodiesel were discussed, namely transesterification (alkali and acid), enzymetic approach and supercritical alcohol. Results: The results showed the vis-à-vis of the methods for possible consideration of research. Conclusion: Concerning the importance of this vegetable oil, the contribution of palm oil towards diminution of fossil fuel, possible methods for the production of biodiesel and the opportunity for the futures is very much important.

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“…Hot stabilized HC emissions were 23% higher with B-20. Ropkins et al (2007) instrumented a Ford Mondeo and measured emissions with regular diesel and a B-5 blend. The authors collected data on replicates of three standardized trips.…”

Section: Biodiesel Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of on-road emissions for B-0, B-10, and B-20 in transit buses

Hallmark

Qiu

2012

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Biodiesels are often marketed as being cleaner than regular diesel for emissions. Emission test results depend on the biodiesel blend, but laboratory tests suggest that biodiesels decrease particulate matter, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and air toxins when compared to regular diesel. Results for the amount of oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) have been less conclusive.Tests have also not evaluated the commonly available ranges of biodiesel blends in the laboratory. Additionally, little information is available from on-road studies, so the effectiveness of using biodiesels to reduce actual emissions is unknown. A more complex relationship exists between engine operation and the rate of emission production than is typically evaluated using engine or chassis dynamometer tests. On-road emissions can vary dramatically because emissions are correlated to engine mode. Additionally, activity such as idling, acceleration, deceleration, and operation against a grade can produce higher emissions than more stable engine operating modes. Because these modes are not well captured in a laboratory environment, understanding on-road relationships is critical in evaluating the emissions reductions that may be possible with biodiesels. More tests and quantifications of the effects of different blends on engine and vehicle performance are required to promote widespread use of biodiesel.The objective of this research was to conduct on-road tests to compare the emission impacts of different blends of biodiesel to regular diesel fuel under different operating conditions. The team conducted on-road tests that utilized a portable emissions monitoring system that was used to instrument transit buses. Regular diesel and different blends of biodiesel were evaluated during on-road engine operation by instrumenting three in-use transit buses, from the CyRide system of Ames, Iowa, along an existing transit route.Implications: This paper summarizes an evaluation of on-road emissions for regular diesel, 10% biodiesel (B-10), and 20% biodiesel (B-20) in three in-use buses. Biodiesel is attractive because it can be produced domestically and laboratory tests have suggested it can reduce HC, CO, and PM however it may contribute to increased NO x . On-road emissions however can be different from laboratory tests so results from on-road emission studies can help validate these findings. Study results show a certain amount of variability but are fairly consistent with what has been reported in the literature. Results also show that emissions are highly correlated to engine load.

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Real-world comparison of probe vehicle emissions and fuel consumption using diesel and 5% biodiesel (B5) blend

Cited by 28 publications

References 47 publications

Emissions from Light-Duty Diesel and Gasoline in-use Vehicles Measured on Chassis Dynamometer Test Cycles

Emissions from Light-Duty Diesel and Gasoline in-use Vehicles Measured on Chassis Dynamometer Test Cycles

Transesterification of Palm Oil for the Production of Biodiesel

Comparison of on-road emissions for B-0, B-10, and B-20 in transit buses

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