Real-world automotive emissions—Summary of studies in the Fort McHenry and Tuscarora mountain tunnels

Pierson, William R.; Gertler, Alan W.; Robinson, Norman F.; Sagebiel, John C.; Zielińska, Barbara; Bishop, Gary A.; Stedman, Donald H.; Zweidinger, Roy B.; Ray, William D.

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00276-6

Cited by 275 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Average emission factor for vehicles traveling through the tunnel during a time interval T was calculated the same as that in previous studies (Pierson and Brachaczek, 1983;Pierson et al, 1996):…”

Section: Measured Total Fleet Efs For Glyoxal and Methylglyoxalmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-road vehicle emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou, China

Wang

Wen

Herrmann

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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Section: Measured Total Fleet Efs For Glyoxal and Methylglyoxalmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-road vehicle emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou, China

Wang

Wen

Herrmann

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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“…These results arecompared to two studies performed in the U.S. in 1992 at the Tuscarora Tunnel along the Pennsylvania Turnpike and the Fort McHenry Tunnel located in Baltimore, MD (Pierson et al, 1996).…”

Section: Comparison With Recent Tunnel Studiesmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The method of measuring mobile source emissions in tunnels has been described in detail by Pierson et al (1996). Briefly, the mass of any given constituent produced by vehicles in the tunnel is given by where (C,,,V,,,), is the product of concentration C,,,(pg m-j) and volume of air V, , , (m3) for each of the i exit channels (exhaust ducts, exit portal), and similarly for (C,, For the case of the Cassiar Tunnel, there is only one entrance and one exit; thus i = j = 1.…”

Section: Measurement Of Emissions In Tunnelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of vehicle emissions in Vancouver BC during the 1993 Lower Fraser Valley Oxidants Study

Gertler¹,

Wittorff²,

McLaren³

et al. 1997

Atmospheric Environment

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Abstract-As part of the 1993 Lower Fraser Valley Oxidants Study, measurements of mobile source emission factors were performed in the Cassiar Tunnel on the Trans-Canada Highway to measure the on-road contribution to the ozone-forming precursors (NO, and speciated hydrocarbons) along with CO. ObSe~ed emission factors were compared to the Canadian versions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' s MOBILE models, MOBILE4.1C and MOBILESC, to assess uncertainty in the predicted mobile source contributions to the Vancouver emissions inventory.A total of 16 l-h runs were made. The timing of the individual runs was designed to encompass different traffic volumes, driving conditions, and times of day. A total of 24,513 vehicles traversed the tunnel during the study, with approximately 91% light-duty vehicles, 4% heavy-duty spark ignition vehicles, and 5% heavy-duty dim1 vehicles. MOBILESC overpredicted the observed value of CO by -2%, NMHC by 24%, and NO, by 13%, while MOBILE4.1C underpredicted the observed values by 36,29, and 23% for CO, NMHC, and NO, respectively. @ 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

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“…3 Mixing ratios of volatile hydrocarbons emitted from vehicles inside tunnels of several cities have been reported worldwide. 2,[4][5][6][7] In some urban centers of Brazil, there have been reports on tunnel measurements of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne particles, [8][9][10] gaseous aldehydes, [11][12][13] gaseous carboxylic acids 14 and VOCs. 15 In order to evaluate chemical composition of emissions from vehicles fueled with gasoline blends with ethanol, neat ethanol and diesel, measurements of several VOCs were done in two different urban road tunnels located in São Paulo City, Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile organic compounds inside urban tunnels of São Paulo City, Brazil

Vasconcellos

Carvalho

Pool

2005

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Compostos orgânicos voláteis, tais como hidrocarbonetos oxigenados, hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e aromáticos foram medidos no ar interno de dois túneis urbanos da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Nesses túneis são freqüentes os congestionamentos de tráfico com números expressivos de veículos com controle de emissão inadequada. São Paulo, uma cidade altamente poluída, apresenta uma frota atípica de veículos com uma variedade grande de misturas de combustíveis, incluindo os oxigenados. Nesse trabalho, foram feitas medidas no ar interno e externo do túnel para avaliar os níveis dos poluentes emitidos diretamente por veículos e aqueles formados fotoquimicamente na atmosfera. No túnel (A), onde circulam apenas veículos leves movidos principalmente por gasool, uma mistura contendo 78-80% (v/v) gasolina e 20-25% etanol, as razões de formaldeído/acetaldeído foram < 1; e no túnel (B), onde circulam veículos leves principalmente movidos a gasool e veículos pesados movidos a diesel, essas razões foram aproximadamente igual a 1. Em ambos os túneis, as razões ácido fórmico/ácido acético foram bem mais baixas do que 1. O benzaldeído foi sugerido como sendo um possível traçador de emissões de veículos leves movidos a gasool. Os n-alcanos foram os compostos mais abundantes (níveis semelhantes em ambos os túneis) e, em seguida os compostos carbonílicos (níveis mais altos em B) e os compostos aromáticos (níveis mais altos em A). Foram encontrados níveis semelhantes de ácidos orgânicos, espécies minoritárias, em ambos os túneis. Os resultados desse estudo mostram que poluentes tóxicos estão presentes em níveis significativos nos dois túneis. No túnel (A) foram encontrados razões de mistura de 39,2 e 24,8 ppbv para os agentes carcinogênicos formaldeído e benzeno; no túnel (B) um valor máximo de 34,5 ppbv foi encontrado para o acetaldeído, um provável agente carcinogênico. Estudos futuros devem ser feitos para estimar os níveis de exposição de poluentes tóxicos no ar para ocupantes de veículos, uma vez que essas pessoas passam um tempo significativo dentro de túneis urbanos.Volatile organic compounds, such as oxygenated hydrocarbons, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in ambient air from two distinct urban tunnels in São Paulo City, Brazil, in special, at rush hours. In these tunnels, traffic jams with significant numbers of vehicles with inadequate emission controls are frequent. São Paulo, a highly polluted city, has an unconventional mix of vehicle types in that a variety of gasoline blends, including oxygenated ones are used. Inside and outside tunnel measurements were performed to evaluate pollutant levels originated from direct vehicular emissions and formed by atmospheric photochemistry. Formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratios of tunnel (A) circulating only light-duty vehicles fueled mainly with gasohol, a mixture containing 78-80% (v/v) gasoline and 20-25% ethanol, were < 1; ratios of tunnel (B) circulating light-duty vehicles fueled mainly with gasohol and heavy diesel vehicles, were approximately equal to 1. Formic acid...

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Real-world automotive emissions—Summary of studies in the Fort McHenry and Tuscarora mountain tunnels

Cited by 275 publications

References 26 publications

On-road vehicle emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou, China

On-road vehicle emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou, China

Characterization of vehicle emissions in Vancouver BC during the 1993 Lower Fraser Valley Oxidants Study

Volatile organic compounds inside urban tunnels of São Paulo City, Brazil

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