Volatile organic compounds inside urban tunnels of São Paulo City, Brazil

Vasconcellos, Pérola de Castro; Carvalho, Lilian Rothschild Franco de; Pool, Cristina Salvador

doi:10.1590/s0103-50532005000700019

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This suggests that the emission of ethanol is a combination of both emission sources, with combustion of ethanol-blended fuels a larger source in winter and evaporation more important in summer. Vasconcellos et al (2005) studied the use of ethanol-blended fuels in Brazil. Generally, in urban areas there are higher observed mixing ratios of formaldehyde than acetaldehyde.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric ethanol in London and the potential impacts of future fuel formulations

et al. 2016

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There is growing global consumption of non-fossil fuels such as ethanol made from renewable biomass. Previous studies have shown that one of the main air quality disadvantages of using ethanol blended fuels is a significant increase in the production of acetaldehyde, an unregulated and toxic pollutant. Most studies on the impacts of ethanol blended gasoline have been carried out in the US and Brazil, with much less focus on the UK and Europe. We report time resolved measurements of ethanol in London during the winter and summer of 2012. In both seasons the mean mixing ratio of ethanol was around 5 ppb, with maximum values over 30 ppb, making ethanol currently the most abundant VOC in London air. We identify a road transport related source, with 'rush-hour' peaks observed. Ethanol is strongly correlated with other road transportrelated emissions, such as small aromatics and light alkanes, and has no relationship to summer biogenic emissions. To determine the impact of road transport-related ethanol emission on secondary species (i.e. acetaldehyde and ozone), we use both a chemically detailed box model (incorporating the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM) and a global and nested regional scale chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem), on various processing time scales. Using the MCM model, only 16% of the measured acetaldehyde was formed from ethanol oxidation. However, the model significantly underpredicts the total levels of acetaldehyde, indicating a missing primary emission source, that appears to be traffic-related. Further support for a primary emission source comes from the regional scale model simulations, where the observed concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde can only be reconciled with the inclusion of large primary emissions. Although only constrained by one set of observations, the regional modelling suggests a European ethanol source similar in magnitude to that of ethane (∼60 Gg yr -1 ) and greater than that of acetaldehyde (∼10 Gg yr -1 ). The increased concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde from primary emissions impacts both radical and NO x cycling over Europe, resulting in significant regional impacts on NO y speciation and O 3 concentrations, with potential changes to human exposure to air pollutants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric ethanol in London and the potential impacts of future fuel formulations

et al. 2016

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“…Studies of the VOCs present in the urban atmosphere of Brazilian cities are still scarce and are concentrated in the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre (Grosjean et al, 1998;Vasconcellos et al, 2005;Orlando et al, 2010;Corrêa et al, 2003Corrêa et al, , 2007Corrêa et al, , 2010and Garcia et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simulation study about the impact of biodiesel use on the atmosphere of Rio de Janeiro city

Oliveira

Cunha

Corrêa

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-This study evaluates the impact of biofuels on the air quality of the city of Rio de Janeiro using an air quality model based on the trajectory model OZIPR associated with the SAPRC chemical model. The results show that the increase in biodiesel use reduces ozone levels in the atmosphere by 10.2 %, using Biodiesel with Ethanol and Diesel mixture (BE-Diesel), in 5.28 %, using B20 mixture and only 0.33 % using B10. An increase was observed in NOx emissions of 5.66 and 2.83 % for BE-Diesel mixture and B20, respectively. The low ozone levels are attributed to its consumption by NO. The CO concentration reductions for BE-Diesel, B20 and B10 were 13.11, 6.56 and 4.12 %, respectively. The presence of oxygen atoms within the biodiesel chain leads to a better combustion process, reducing CO emissions.

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“…[2][3][4] These compounds are of great concern not only because they are ozone precursors, but also because some of them are carcinogenic chemicals. 5 The carbonyl compounds have been attracting much attention because of their adverse health effects. 6 These compounds are also acknowledged to be harmful organic pollutants, which exist in the atmosphere as a result of discharge from sources, such as exhaust gases from motor vehicles, industrial activities and biomass burning, as well as reaction products of the atmospheric oxidation of anthropogenic hydrocarbons and other VOC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission profiles of carbonyl compounds at a Brazilian charcoal plant

Anunciação¹,

Sousa²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A indústria siderúrgica brasileira consome grandes quantidades de carvão vegetal. As carvoarias são responsáveis por emissões atmosféricas de compostos orgânicos voláteis tais como compostos carbonílicos (CC). Neste trabalho, foram determinados o perfil e as concentrações de CC em fase vapor durante a produção de carvão vegetal a partir de eucalipto. As amostras foram coletadas próximas aos fornos, em cartuchos de sílica revestidos com 2,4-dinitrofenilidrazina e, em seguida, extraídas e analisadas por HPLC-DAD-MS (cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a detector de arranjo de diodo e espectrômetro de massas). Doze CC foram identificados e quantificados, entre eles acetaldeído e os pares coeluídos furfural/propanal, acroleína/propanona e 2-pentenal/pentanal. Estes três pares tiveram seus picos resolvidos por meio de espectrometria de massas para doze amostras e individualmente quantificados. Os perfis obtidos indicaram uma maior abundância do par furfural/propanal nas três fases de carbonização, seguido do acetaldeído na primeira fase e do 2-oxobutanal nas segunda e terceira fases. Furfural/propanal e acetaldeído se destacaram dentre os CC determinados nas proximidades dos fornos, com concentrações médias de 4948 e 2558 µg m -3 e concentrações máximas de 11655 e 4805 µg m -3 , respectivamente.Brazilian steel industry consumes huge amounts of charcoal. The charcoal plants are responsible for atmospheric emissions of volatile organic compounds such as carbonyl compounds (CC). In this work, the profile and the concentrations of CC in the vapor phase were determined during the charcoal production from eucalyptus. Samples were collected near kilns on silica cartridges coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, and then extracted and analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS (high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and mass spectrometry). Twelve CC were identified and quantified, amongst them acetaldehyde and the co-eluting acrolein/ propanone, furfural/propanal and 2-pentenal/pentanal pairs. These three pairs were peak resolved by mass spectra for twelve samples and thus individually quantified. The profiles obtained indicated the furfural/propanal pair as the most abundant in all three carbonization stages, followed by acetaldehyde in the first stage and 2-oxobutanal in the second and third stages. Furfural/propanal and acetaldehyde stood out among CC determined near the kilns, with average concentrations of 4948 and 2558 µg m -3 and maximum concentrations of 11655 and 4805 µg m -3 , respectively.Keywords: charcoal production, wood burning, carbonyl compounds, emission profiles, HPLC-DAD-MS IntroductionBrazilian steel industry is an important economic sector which consumes huge amounts of charcoal for producing pig iron. In order to meet their needs, many manufacturers have their own charcoal plants. The emissions from the wood burning process contain hundreds of chemical compounds, such as monosaccharide derivatives, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds, 1 which can be...

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Volatile organic compounds inside urban tunnels of São Paulo City, Brazil

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Atmospheric ethanol in London and the potential impacts of future fuel formulations

Atmospheric ethanol in London and the potential impacts of future fuel formulations

A simulation study about the impact of biodiesel use on the atmosphere of Rio de Janeiro city

Emission profiles of carbonyl compounds at a Brazilian charcoal plant

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