1996
DOI: 10.1111/1467-8659.1530057
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Real‐time Volumetric Deformable Models for Surgery Simulation using Finite Elements and Condensation

Abstract: This paper discusses the application of 3D solid volumetric Finite Element models to surgery simulation. In particular it introduces three new ideas for solving the problem of achieving real-time performance for these models. The simulation system we have developed is described and we demonstrate real-time deformation using the methods developed in the paper.

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Cited by 419 publications
(261 citation statements)
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“…When modelling large complex structures the number of nodes yields a huge equation system unsuitable for interactive applications [6]. Methods using explicit inversion of the stiffness matrix in order to obtain interactive deformations have already been demonstrated [1].…”
Section: Static Finite Element Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…When modelling large complex structures the number of nodes yields a huge equation system unsuitable for interactive applications [6]. Methods using explicit inversion of the stiffness matrix in order to obtain interactive deformations have already been demonstrated [1].…”
Section: Static Finite Element Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…If cutting should be performed the traditional surface based models can not be used, since these models are empty inside and a cut will not open up for any underlying tissue [1]. Cutting requires volumetric models of the tissue.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Virtual reality deformable models. Real time simulations of linear elastic properties are based on mechanical models like the massspring models [117][118][119][120][121][122][123]. Owing to their limitations (like topological design, validity of deformations, dynamic behavior, visualization) of modeling only linear elastic properties, these models are used only to realistically animate tissue deformations, not to simulate the exact physical behavior of human soft tissue [124].…”
Section: Classification Of Hard and Soft Tissuementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The increased computational demands of finite elements are serious hurdles for real-time simulation. Numerical techniques, including pre-computation of key deformations, are proposed in [6,7] to significantly reduce computation. The endoscopic training tool of [8] describes a system which uses either mass-spring or FEM depending on the situation.…”
Section: Related Workmentioning
confidence: 99%